The article examines the peculiarities of the DOMINANT GREENSHELL egg-laying poultry, in particular, the indicator of laying capacity in floor-level growing. Environmental factors affecting the viability and productivity of chickens have beenanalyzed. Data of the experiment has been given and such shortcomings of keeping as loss and high specific weight of dirty and broken eggs have been revealed. The components of the cost price and the change in the cost price of finished products in different periods of poultry breeding have been highlighted. On the basis of the conducted experiment, an explanation has been made regarding the impact of production costs on the cost price of eggs, in particular compound feed. The profitability of the production of eggs with a colored shell for floor-level growing has been analyzed and the necessity of selling them in the premium segment has been proved.

The article examines the ecological and biological significance of the action of animal poisons as an evolutionary adaptation that maximizes the adaptation of more than 250,000 species to the conditions of their habitat. It was found that animal poisons have a significant impact on the formation and course of various forms of connections in ecosystems, perform several ecological functions and are important biotic factors of the environment. The best-studied venomous animals have been found to be snakes, of over 3,800 different species, only a small number are highly venomous. The Viperidae family includes 101 species of poisonous snakes. In Europe, Vipera ammodytes, Vipera aspis, Vipera berus, Vipera latastei, Vipera seoanei and Vipera ursinii are the most dangerous species, their bites cause severe poisoning. In Ukraine, the genus Vipera is represented by the steppe viper (Vipera renardi (Cristoph, 1861)) and two subspecies of the common viper (Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)) — Vipera berus berus and Nikolsky’s viper (Vipera berus nikolskii, Vedmederja Grubant et Rudaeva, 1986). The factors that affect the diversity of the composition of snake venom are given. It is noted that snake venoms are complex mixtures of proteins, peptides and low molecular weight substances, among which enzymes and non-enzymatic components are distinguished. The biological properties of snake venom depend significantly on the properties of its components, which have a wide range of effects on the general state of homeostasis of a living organism. A generalization of scientific data on the study of the chemical composition of the venom of Vipera renardi, Vipera berus nikolskii and Vipera berus berus and the effects of these venoms on the functioning of the mammalian body has been carried out. It was found that the venom of Vipera berus nikolskii is the most, and Vipera renardi — the least toxic for mammals (mice). The effect of Vipera berus nikolskii and Vipera berus berus venom on the proteolytic balance of individual organs of rats was evaluated. It is emphasized that viper venom toxins have a great, not yet fully developed potential in many scientific fields, therefore they deserve further practical research.

Manure as an organic fertilizer in practice of agriculture is allowed to use only if it does not contain pathogenic microorganisms. Upon detection in manure and chicken droppings of pathogens of infectious diseases is carried out their disinfection. Choosing method of disinfection is carried out at the direction of veterinary service taking into account danger of arising of epizootic situation, type of pathogen of disease, presence and type of chemical reagents and technical means. For disinfection of animal by-products by chemical method we use a large number of disinfecting agents potentially hazardous for the environment which is associated with the content in their composition of xenobiotics, in particular aldehydes, chlorine, phenols, etc. The paper presents results of biotesting of soils polluted by disinfecting agents used for disinfection animal by-products, in particular, bioethanol, Novochlor-Extra (contain such active substances how inorganic chlorine compounds and alkali) and Dezaktin (organic chlorine compounds, anion SAS and sodium tripolyphosphate). The assessment was carried out under laboratory conditions through biotesting with the use of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It is established, that after five-day cultivation of barley seeds in soils containing 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mg/kg of such agents as bioethanol, Novochlor-Extra and Dezaktin there was gradual reduction of mass of stem to 10.2% compared to a control. When the content in soils was 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mg/kg of investigated disinfectants gradual reduction of length of stem of barley by an average of 12.2% was observed. At pollution of soil investigated agents in the number of 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mg/kg we observed the small increase of length of longest of root by an average of 7.8%, which indicates to stimulating influence on the growth of root system and absence of phytotoxicity. When the content of disinfectants bioethanol and Novochlor-Extra in soils was in a quantity of 1000 mg/kg, there was reduction of mass, length of stem and longest root of an average of 19.1, 30.5 and 16.8%, respectively. At pollution of soil at the level of 1000 mg/kg agent of Dezactin we observed reduction of mass of stem to 61.8%, its length on 72.0% and length of longest of root to 67.4% that demonstrated to phytotoxic influence. At the hit of disinfectants with disinfected animal by-products in soils in a quantity of ≥1000 mg/kg it is possible to predict negative impact on morphometric indicators of plant what probably will lead to worsen of their development. The method of determination of pollution of soils by delay growth of root of plants is informative express method for ecological assessment of content in them the disinfectants used for disinfection of animal by-products.

The article presents the advantages of vertical greenery to create urban development and improve the ecological condition of urban areas. The possibility of using spicy-aromatic crops in vertical greenery, which is an effective way of urban farming. The classification of vertical landscaping by types of plant placement is given and it is determined that modular phytowalls are the most suitable type of vertical plant placement according to the morphological features of spicy-aromatic plants. It is noted that additional research is needed on the possibility of growing perennial aromatic plants in light and relatively inexpensive hydroponic panels — Vertical garden system technology, developed by French designer Patrick Blanc. The technology of creation and functioning of spicy-aromatic phytowalls with the help of container and modular systems of vertical landscaping such as Cascade Wall and Pixel Garden PG14 is described. Attention is focused on the importance of the correct selection of the species composition of aromatic plants to create vertical compositions. The morphological and ecological features of the most common spicy-aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family are characterized, which are the key parameters that determine the suitability of the described plants for use in vertical greenery. To create phytowalls outside and indoors, it is recommended to use rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), plants of the genus Thymus, Salvia, Mentha, as well as Cymbopogon citratus family Poaceae, Levisticum officinale Koch family Apiaceae and others. Attention is paid to mineral nutrition and protection of spicy-aromatic plants in closed soil conditions. Improvement of vertical landscaping systems and simultaneous search for adaptation of spicy-aromatic plants to the conditions of modular cultivation are relevant research topics for the further spread of this type of landscaping in temperate climates.

The nitrogen budgets was modeled on the example of 5 typical Ukrainian livestock farms of different livestock production systems. The relative anthropogenic load of different livestock systems and the efficiency of the use of nutrients in the production of crop and animal products are shown. Input flows of nitrogen (N) — in the fodder for livestock, fertilizers, biofixation, atmospheric deposition, crop residues and output flows with agricultural crop & livestock products were determined. It was established that the efficiency of nitrogen use (NUEfarm) is 21.0–69.9% on the investigated farms, i.e., such amount of soil nutrients and imported feed in nitrogen equivalent was deposited in the sold products, and the rest of N was deposited in by-products (crop residues & manure). The ratio of produced main and by-products in nitrogen equivalent was determined. In crop production, 1.06– 1.11 Mg N of grain is obtained for 1 Mg of N crop residues. In livestock, only 0.15–0.78 Mg N of the main products (milk, meat, wool) are obtained for 1 Mg of manure nitrogen production (nitrogen excretion). According to the level of output of the main products relative to by-products, the livestock systems are in the following ranked order: cattle farming — 0.15 Mg N of milk and live weight gain per 1 Mg manure nitrogen production; pig farming — 0.43 Mg N of live weight gain per 1 Mg N excreted and broiler farming — 0.78 Mg N of live weightgain, respectivel. It was established that the livestock production systems cause a significant anthropogenic load on the surrounding natural environment — intensive soil load (balance from –30.2 to –42.2 kg N/ha/year) and high rates of ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions (NH3, NOx and N2O) from manure management systems and agricultural land (16.3–1456.4 kg/ha/year). It was established that 132.4 kg of NH3, NOx and N2O are emissed for 1 Mg of live weight gain of calves; 7.6 kg of NH3, NOx and N2O per 1 Mg of produced cow’s milk; 30.3 kg of NH3, NOx and N2O per 1 Mg of live weight gain of pigs (on average); 22.2 kg of NH3, NOx and N2O per 1 Mg of live weight gain of broiler chickens; 53.7 kg of NH3, NOx and N2O per 1 Mg of produced live weight and wool of sheep.