The theory of nucleation of nanoscale structures of the adsorbed atoms (adatoms), which occurs as a result of the self-consistent interaction of adatoms with the surface acoustic wave and electronic subsystem is developed.Temperature regimes of formation of nanoclusters on n-GaAs surface under the action of laser irradiation are investigated. The offered model permits to choose optimal technological parameters (temperature, doping degree, intensity of laser irradiation) for the formation of the surface periodic defect-deformation structures under the action of laser irradiation.

Non-linear theory of diffusion of impurities in porous materials upon ultrasonic treatment is described. It is shown that at a defined value of deformation amplitude, an average concentration of vacancies and temperature as a result of the effect of ultrasound possibly leads to the formation of nanoclusters of vacancies and to their periodic educations in porous materials. It is shown that at a temperature smaller than some critical value, a significant growth of a diffusion coefficient is observed in porous materials.

The tasks to be solved while developing solar cells have been reviewed. The analysis of technological methods used for the fabrication of thin transparent conducting ZnO films from the viewpoint of their application in organic and thin-film solar cells demonstrates the advantage of the atomic layer deposition method. It is shown that this method provides a low-temperature (100-200 ∘ C) growth of films with a required resistivity of about 10 −3 Ω•cm and a transparency of 85-90%. The application of ZnO films in organic photovoltaic structures improves the time stability of their rectification characteristics. The investigation of organic structures with ZnO as a cathode or an anode showed the potential of the usage of ZnO as a cathode. The study of ZnO as a transparent conductive electrode in a CdTe-based inorganic photovoltaic structure shows an increase in the photocurrent and a decrease in the recombination in comparison with a Mo electrode. K e y w o r d s: atomic layer deposition method, transparent conducting ZnO films, organic solar cells, CdS/CdTe solar cells.

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