No abstract

Malt sprouts are an affordable raw material for the isolation of target components, because they have a favorable chemical composition and low cost. Due to the fact that the high content of dietary fiber (up to 18,5%) prevents the absorption of a number of macro- and micronutrients, a series of experiments was conducted, including enzymatic hydrolysis of malt sprouts at different values of the following factors: temperature, duration of enzymatic hydrolysis, malt sprouts concentration (substrate concentration) and the concentration of the enzyme preparation. Celluclast BG (JSC “Novozymes”) with a cellulolytic activity of 3500 u/g was used as an enzyme preparation. Dry matter content in the hydrolysate was taken as an optimization parameter. The results of the experiments were processed by the program Statistica 12.0. The influence of temperature is nonlinear, which implies the existence of some optimal range of action of this factor. The effect of the duration of enzymatic hydrolysis and the concentration of the substrate is significant only with paired interaction of these factors, while simultaneous increase of their values has a negative effect on the dry matter accumulation. The effect of the concentration of the enzyme preparation on the dry matter yield is a linear positive dependence. It was established that the dry matter content in the hydrolysate reaches the maximum values and it is not less than 5.5 % at a temperature of 50.2 C, with the duration of the process of 150 min, the concentration of the substrate of 0.09 and the concentration of the enzyme preparation of 0.04%.

Currently, one of the main directions of development of the food and processing industry is to expand the range of fortified food products using secondary raw materials of grain crops. Secondary raw materials of grain crops include by-products of malt production - malt wheat sprouts, which can be used as a food fortifier. The article presents the results of the research on the micronutrient composition of malt wheat sprouts (12 batches) obtained during the germination of wheat grains of the sort “Moskovskaya-56” for malt. The obtained data on the micronutrient composition and antioxidant activity of malt wheat sprouts make it possible to position them as a functional food ingredient. The presented experimental data can be used in the development of fortified and functional food products with the addition of malt wheat sprouts.

Insect resistance to insecticides has been and remains a serious problem affecting insect control worldwide. The fight against houseflies is an important part of pest control measures due to the ability of insects to carry pathogens of infectious diseases of humans and animals. But many of the chemicals that have been shown to be effective against them cease to work after just a few years of use. The intensive use of insecticides in world practice has led to the development of natural populations of houseflies that are resistant to all groups of insecticides used to control them. This species is one of the ten insect species that have developed resistance to the maximal amount of active substances. The review summarizes and analyzes the data of foreign and Russian authors on the insecticide resistance of houseflies (Musca domestica L.) over the past 20 years. Data on the resistance of house flies to both traditional insecticides and new chemicals are presented. The main mechanisms of insect resistance and the factors of its development are described. Schemes of rotation of insecticides in the controlling winged flies are given. The review analyzed 101 sources from 11 countries of the world.

Methods were developed [br the synthesis of 2-butytthio-2-oxo-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane, 2-butylthio-2-thioxo-1,3,2-.dio• and 2-butytthio-2-thioxo-1,3,2-diazaphosphor-inane, as well as of acyclic S-butyl O-ethyl (diethylamido)phosphorothioates and -dithioates and S-butyl bis(diethytamido)phosphorodithioate. These compounds can serve as models of possible metabolites of cyclic compounds. Based on the data obtained in studies of the antiesterase activity of the resulting compounds and their synergistic activity in mixtures with permethrine, a possible mechanism of in vitro and in vivo biological action of diheteraphosphorinanes was proposed.Key words: 2-bulylthio-2-thioxo-l.3.2-dioxaphosphorinane.2-butylthio-2-thioxo-l,3,2-diazaphosphorinane, 2-but,/lthio-2-o•215 S-butyl O-ethyl (diethylamido)phosphorothio:nes and -dithioates, S-butyl bis(diethylamido)pho~phorodithioate, inhibition of esterases, synergists for permethrmc, mechanism of action.Previously, l we have reported the synthesis and physiological activity of 1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane derivatives (1 and 2), among which active nematocides and synergists for insecticides of the pyrethroid group have been found.