Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent type of cancer for both sexes combined, after lung cancer. Triple-negative BC (TNBC) molecular subtype is characterized by lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunoexpression or amplification and represent 10-20% of all BC cases. The issue of the present study was to analyze the associations between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunoexpression and distribution of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (stTILs) combined with clinico-morphological features of patients with TNBC. Secondly, our research evaluated PD-L1 immunoexpression as a prognostic factor and its correlation with p53 immunoexpression. Thirty cases with primary TNBC without prior neoadjuvant therapy were included in this research. stTILs were identified in all cases, most of them with low distribution (66.7%). A positive immunoreaction for PD-L1 was observed in 40% of cases. The PD-L1 immunoexpression was statistically significant associated with age, pathological tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, stTILs level, the presence of cluster of differentiation 8-positive (CD8+) TILs and p53 immunoexpression. In the present study, a positive PD-L1 immunoexpression was associated with a worse distant metastasis free survival (DMFS). We also found not only that high stTILs level were associated with a better DMFS but also that there was a statistically significant association between stTILs level and PD-L1 immunoexpression. Our results bring new insights to the fine connections between tumor microenvironment and molecular changes of TNBC. It helps us to better understand these aggressive tumors to identify the more useful biomarkers for predicting the response to adjuvant therapy and can represent a method for selecting the most suitable patients for immunotherapy.

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Studies in recent years have shown that the immune system plays an important role in the prognosis of patients with different types of malignancies. The tumor immune microenvironment has been studied in various cancers in an attempt to find new antitumoral therapies. The therapeutic blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 has revolutionized the treatment of oncological pacients, with anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies having remarkable results in malignant melanoma, cervical, renal and lung cancer. In laryngeal cancer, few reports are available on the immune microenvironment and PD-L1 expression. Considering these, we retrospectively review 23 laryngeal cancer patients with laryngectomy performed in the Otorhinolaryngology Department - Emergency County Clinical Hospital St Andrew Constanta. The aim of our research was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1, using combined positive score which includes both viable tumoral cells and intratumoral lymphocytes, as well as the level of CD8 intratumoral lymphocytes and to analise the corelation between these markers and the clinicopathological characteristics of the pacients, in order to set these two parameters, in the near future, as new biomarkers. PD-L1 expression was shown to be a prognostic factor for disease-free survival in laryngeal cancer patients (p = 0.006) and was higher in tumors with elevated CD8 lymphocyte levels, with a significant correlation correlation between the two parameters (p = 0.019). The level of CD8 lymphocytes was also a predictive factor for free-disease survival, correlated with patient smoker status (p = 0.04), being higher in non-smoking patients.

Melanoma is a tumor developed by malignancy of melanocytes, being one of the most lethal cancers. Usually, it is associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiations, being most common in the skin, but can also be located extracutaneously as in the digestive tract, leptomeninges or uvea. Histopathologically it presents a phase of radial growth and a vertical one, often accompanied by an intra and peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemically, the confirmation of the diagnosis of melanoma should be accompanied by the assessment of proteomic markers of lymphocytic infiltrate such as PD-L1, CD4 and CD8. Those have a role in evaluating the prognosis and a possible prediction of the immunotherapeutic response.