Root and rhizospheric soil of diseased black pepper plants from Binh Phuoc Province were collected. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular markers, the presence of Meloidogyne javanica was confirmed. In greenhouse conditions, nematode completed the life cycle in 35 days after inoculation on black pepper (Piper nigrum) cv. Vinh Linh. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. javanica on black pepper in Vietnam. Keywords Morphology. Pathogenicity. Root-knot nematode Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a high-value tropical plant in Vietnam. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) were recorded on black pepper many years ago in the south of Vietnam (Khương 1983). In 2002, a survey conducted from more than four hundred soil and root samples resulted in thirty-five plant-parasitic nematode taxa belonging to 19 genera and 11 families. It is worth noting that all root-knot nematode populations collected on black pepper plants were identified exclusively as M. incognita (Thuy et al. 2012). In recent years, soil-borne diseases and plantparasitic nematodes have caused severe damage in many black pepper growing areas in the Central Highlands (Gia Lai, Dak Nong) and Southeast (Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Đong Nai, and Binh Phuoc). Leaves of diseased vines turn yellowish-green, and the infected leaves gradually fall from the lower to the upper parts of the vine (Fig. 1a). The rhizosphere soil samples and galled roots were collected from slowly declining vines in the Bu Dang and Bu Dop districts, Binh Phuoc Province (Fig. 1b).