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Reversing or aborting the increase in allergic and other immunerelated noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Western world, first observed for allergic rhinitis from the 1890s, 1 requires priat, or in collaboration with (in Sweden), the 3 participating hospitals were eligible, provided sufficient language skills. Women carrying more than 2 fetuses, fetuses with severe malformations or disease and infants born prior to 35.0 weeks of GA, were excluded.All infants were randomized at birth to 1 of 4 similar sized groups: (1) no intervention; (2) skin care (oil-bath at least 5 days per week from 0.5 to 9 months of age); (3) consecutive introduction, between 3 and 4 months of age, of peanut, milk, wheat, and egg at least 4 days per week complementary to breastfeeding; or (4) both interventions. Weekly electronic diaries (2-26 weeks of age) recorded skin care, infant feeding, and symptoms of allergic diseases.Adverse events (0-12 months of age) elicited relevant investigations and treatment by direct access for the participants to the local pediatric department.Data collection (Figure 1, Table S1) includes electronic questionnaires with information of health and disease in the mother, child, and family; lifestyle; environment; stress; quality of life; diet in the mother and offspring; clinical investigations; fetal and child anthropometrics; lung function; skin barrier; allergy; and blood pressure

BackgroundDry skin, associated with increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), is found to precede atopic dermatitis (AD) in childhood. ObjectiveWe aimed to identify parental, prenatal and perinatal predictive factors of dry skin, high TEWL and AD at 3 months of age, and to determine if dry skin or high TEWL at 3 months can predict AD at 6 months. MethodsFrom the Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies in children (PreventADALL) prospective birth cohort study, we included 1150 mother-child pairs. Dry skin, TEWL and eczema were assessed at 3-and 6 months investigations. Eczema, used as a proxy for AD, was defined as the presence of eczematous lesions, excluding differential diagnoses to AD. High TEWL was defined as TEWL > 90 th percentile, equalling 11.3 g/m 2 /h. Potential predictive factors were recorded from electronic questionnaires at 18-and 34-week pregnancy and obstetric charts. ResultsSignificant predictive factors (p<0.05) for dry skin at 3 months were delivery > 38 gestational weeks and paternal age > 37 years, for high TEWL; male sex, birth during winter season and maternal allergic disease, and for eczema; elective caesarean section, multiparity, and maternal allergic diseases. Dry skin without eczema at 3 months was predictive for eczema at 6 months, (ORadjusted: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.21-3.05, p=0.005), while high TEWL at 3 months was not. ConclusionIn early infancy, distinct parental and pregnancy-related factors were predictive for dry skin, high TEWL and AD. Dry skin at 3 months of age was predictive for AD three months later.

Background and aimPhysical activity (PA) in pregnancy is important for maternal and possibly offspring health. To study the early origins of lung function we aimed to determine whether PA in the first half of pregnancy is associated with lung function in healthy 3-month-old infants.MethodsFrom the general population-based Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies in Children birth cohort recruiting infants antenatally in Norway and Sweden, all 812 infants (48.8% girls) with available tidal flow–volume measures in the awake state at 3 months of age and mid-pregnancy data on PA were included. PA was self-reported by the mothers and, based on intensity, we categorised them as active or inactive during pregnancy. Furthermore, we defined active mothers as fairly or highly active. The main outcome was a ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) <0.25. Associations were analysed by logistic regression, adjusting for maternal age, education, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index,in uteronicotine exposure and parental atopy.ResultsThe mean±sdtPTEF/tEwas 0.391±0.08 and did not differ significantly according to maternal PA level in pregnancy. The 290 infants of inactive mothers had higher odds of havingtPTEF/tE<0.25 compared to infants of all active mothers (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.13–3.82; p=0.019) and compared to infants (n=224) of fairly active (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.26–7.24; p=0.018) but not highly active mothers (n=298).ConclusionBased on self-reported maternal PA in the first half of pregnancy, 3-month-old infants of inactive compared to active mothers had higher odds of a lowtPTEF/tE.