We evaluated the working number steps (STEPS) of 25 military police officers (MPOs: day shift n = 14 and night shift n = 11) from the Military Police of São Paulo State (PMESP) while patrolling São Paulo city center and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) indicators. The participants' body composition and anthropometric parameters: body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and clinical and laboratory data: systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and fasting plasma levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured. According to the number of steps taken during the daily 12 h working period, the MPOs were divided into three groups: 600-2,000, 2,001-8,000, and >8,000 steps. On average, each participant took 5169 ± 614 steps per 12 h shift. While MPOs from the night shift walked 25% more than the day shift (6188±1069 vs. 4367±664), this difference was not statistically significant. Notably, the BMI, FFM (13.4%), SMM (14.5%), plasma HDL-cholesterol levels (32.2%), and DBP (19.1%) were significantly higher in group 1 compared to the other two groups. Furthermore, reduced physical activity, age, BMI, and tenure at PMESP were associated with increased MetS indicators. Overall, MPOs performing less than 2,000 steps per shift presented marked changes in body composition and plasma measurements and a higher MetS prevalence (64%) than those who were more physically active.

The main question in the field of exercise and rehabilitation medicine is whether physical activity and therapeutic exercise are suitable activities for CoVid-19 patients who are recovering at home. There have been few public health guidelines provided about what people can do in relationship with exercise and respiratory care. For this reason, it is necessary that physical therapists give some recommendations concerning safe respiratory and physical exercises that could be executed by people with confirmed, suspected, or probable CoVid-19 who stay at home.

RESUMENIntroducción: En la enfermedad cerebro vascular uno de los principales problemas es la espasticidad, que compromete el control postural, la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida. Para lograr la mayor recuperación funcional, se han utilizado los enfoques neuromusculares del ejercicio terapéutico (Ej: Rood, Bobath, Brunnstrom y la Facilitación Neuromuscular Propioceptiva), sin embargo, existe controversia sobre la eficacia de estas intervenciones. Objetivo: Realizar un análisis crítico de la evidencia científica disponible sobre el efecto de los enfoques tradicionales en la espasticidad de los miembros inferiores en personas post-Enfermedad Cerebro Vascular. Métodos: Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos controlados de las bases de datos PUBMED, MEDLINE, PEDro, CINAHL, SCIENCEDIRECT y SCOPUS. La calidad metodológica de los artículos incluidos se evaluó por medio de la escala PeDro. Resultados: Once estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, obteniendo una calidad metodológica de intermedia a alta. Entre las limitaciones de los estudios revisados se destacan principalmente la ausencia del cálculo del tamaño de muestra, de enmascaramiento de los evaluadores, pérdida de participantes, muestras heterogéneas, carencia de protocolos estandarizados y diversidad de variables evaluadas. Conclusión: El tratamiento fisioterapéutico para disminuir la espasticidad puede ser efectivo aplicado entre tres y cinco días por semana, durante 40 minutos. Sin embargo, estos resultados están soportados en estudios con limitaciones metodológicas y dificultades en su comparación. Por ello, se requieren nuevos estudios para evaluar la eficacia de dichos enfoques, con el fin implementar intervenciones fisioterapéuticas basadas en la mejor evidencia, que contribuyan en una mejor calidad de vida de esta población.Palabras clave: Terapia por ejercicio, accidente cerebrovascular, espasticidad muscular, fisioterapia, rehabilitación. ABSTRACT Introduction: Spasticity due to a stroke is one of the major changes that leads to sensorimotor deficits, causing postural control and functional capability deficits. In order to achieve the best possible functional recovery, several neuromuscular therapeutic exercise approaches have been employed (eg Rood, Bobath, Brunnstrom and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation), but still there are many doubts about the effectiveness of these interventions. Purpose:To perform a critical analysis of the available scientific evidence on the effect of the traditional approaches in spasticity recovery of the lower limbs in post-stroke individuals. Methods: Randomized controlled Trials available in PubMed, MEDLINE, PEDro, CINAHL, and Scopus data SCIENCEDIRECT bases were included in this study. The methodological quality of included articles was evaluated by the PEDro scale. Results: Eleven studies were included, obtaining a methodological quality of intermediate to high. The main observed limitations of the analyzed studies were: the absence of sample size estimation, the lack of blind evaluators, loss of partici...

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The nervous system predicts and executes complex motion of body segments actuated by the coordinated action of muscles. When a stroke or other traumatic injury disrupts neural processing, the impeded behavior has not only kinematic but also kinetic attributes that require interpretation. Biomechanical models could allow medical specialists to observe these dynamic variables and instantaneously diagnose mobility issues that may otherwise remain unnoticed. However, the real-time and subject-specific dynamic computations necessitate the optimization these simulations. In this study, we explored the effects of intrinsic viscoelasticity, choice of numerical integration method, and decrease in sampling frequency on the accuracy and stability of the simulation. The bipedal model with 17 rotational degrees of freedom (DOF)—describing hip, knee, ankle, and standing foot contact—was instrumented with viscoelastic elements with a resting length in the middle of the DOF range of motion. The accumulation of numerical errors was evaluated in dynamic simulations using swing-phase experimental kinematics. The relationship between viscoelasticity, sampling rates, and the integrator type was evaluated. The optimal selection of these three factors resulted in an accurate reconstruction of joint kinematics (err < 1%) and kinetics (err < 5%) with increased simulation time steps. Notably, joint viscoelasticity reduced the integration errors of explicit methods and had minimal to no additional benefit for implicit methods. Gained insights have the potential to improve diagnostic tools and accurize real-time feedback simulations used in the functional recovery of neuromuscular diseases and intuitive control of modern prosthetic solutions.