Background: Homelessness has become a complex issue with profound impacts on society. Social determinants like housing significantly impacts human well-being in numerous ways, ranging from physical safety to appropriate access to necessities such as healthy food options and medical care. This research seeks to delve deeper into understanding how being homeless can affect mental health outcomes. Methodology: A literature review conducted following a systematic method was integral to our research process. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus, utilizing a combination of keywords related to homelessness, mental health, and their impact. Results: The reviewed studies consistently highlighted the prevalence of mental health disorders among homeless individuals, ranging from depression, suicide, alcoholism, substance abuse, and Schizophrenia. The evidence highlights the complex relationship between homeless status and psychological well-being, noting that lack of secure housing can trigger and exacerbate mental illness. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the significance of providing homeless individuals with essential mental health aid and secure housing accommodations cannot be underscored enough. By recognizing the relationship between homelessness and mental health, society can work towards implementing effective strategies that promote recovery and social inclusion for this vulnerable population.

Background: Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL) has generated great interest as a novel biomarker for the timely detection of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). This study, therefore, investigated NGAL as a predictive marker for acute kidney injury among sickle cell subjects. Materials and methods:A total of fifty (50) sickle cell subjects aged 18-60 years and attending the sickle cell clinic of Federal Medical Centre, Owo were randomly recruited along with twenty-five (25) apparently healthy age and sexmatched non-sickle cell subjects attending the family medicine outpatient clinic of the hospital as control for the study. Plasma levels of NGAL were assessed using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit, while urea and creatinine were determined by standard spectrophotometric method. The results were statistically analyzed for significance at p<0.05 using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: NGAL and urea plasma levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the steady and vaso-occlusive (VOC) sickle cell subjects, glomerular filtration rate showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in both steady and VOC groups compared to the normal healthy control. The levels of urea and creatinine were increased significantly (p<0.05) in the VOC sickle cell group compared with the steady sickle cell group, whereas circulating levels of NGAL showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in VOC sickle cell group compared with the steady sickle cell group. NGAL revealed an excellent higher area under the receiver operating curve than urea and creatinine. Conclusion:NGAL was shown to be a sensitive tool, an early biomarker for acute kidney injury in sickle cell subjects and clinically significant for its wide availability, easy accessibility, and sensitivity in aiding early detection with a dynamic wide range for routine assessment in the management of SCD.

Addiction and subsequent substance use disorders, represent a substantial and global public health challenge that requires novel interventions. Although many treatment strategies are available, these conditions are often underdiagnosed. Therefore, prevention strategies represent a more desirable approach for targeting addiction in adults. These interventions rely on behavioural changes that can often prove challenging to implement, particularly in those with recurring substance use disorders. Several effective treatment approaches have been devised that focus on altering these behaviours, including mindfulness-based interventions and cognitive behavioural therapies. However, the evidence concerning the long-term implications of these techniques is limited, with many studies noting that the beneficial outcomes observed in short-term investigations are often not replicated in the long term. Future research should, therefore, incorporate large scale randomised controlled trials to enhance our comprehension of the effectiveness of addiction prevention strategies, including mindfulness-based therapies and regular physical activity.

A 91-year-old female with a history of hypertension and atrial fibrillation presented to the emergency department with complaints of dyspnea and severe substernal chest pain that began 1 hour prior to presentation. She described the pain as tight and radiating to her left shoulder. The patient’s current medications included oral Apixaban and Lisinopril, but she was non-compliant with her medications.