Conflict of Interestwe do no have any conflict of interest to declare Ethical Approval -This study used secondary data from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) collected in more than 90 countries and are freely available to the public. The Rwanda DHS survey undergo ethical review by the Ministry of Health in Rwanda. Further information about ethical clearance can be found on: https://dhsprogram.com/what-we-do/survey/survey-display-468.cfm Funding Sourceswe did not receive funding from any organization to analyse the Rwanda DHS data and prepare the manuscript

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This paper reports findings of a qualitative study and draws on the political ecology of health framework to examine the links between housing and health among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWAs) in Northern Malawi in a wider context in which the epidemic has overburdened the country's hospitals, thereby transferring the responsibility for care from government to families. The findings suggest that poor housing conditions, rooted in colonial and postcolonial policy failure, may undermine the amount, as well as the quality, of palliative care available to PLWAs. It was also found that the high cost of renting, discrimination, and poor landlord-tenant relationships imposed significant financial and emotional burden on PLWAs, thereby undermining their ability to meet dietary needs, stay healthy, and adhere to treatment. Furthermore, customary norms around property inheritance hampered women's housing security and their ability to cope with the disease. The paper concludes by making relevant policy recommendations.

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