Aim - characterization of the formation, organization, development and prospects of temporary disability examination (TDE) services in Russia. Materials and methods. A review of the data from the scientific publications and legal documents was conducted. Results. The characteristics of the organization and development of temporary disability examination service in Russia since the establishment of the service to date are described. The problems and prospects of TDE service were examined. Conclusion. The organization and development of temporary disability examination in Russia is determined by the formation of the whole healthcare system and by legal acts. The implementation of modern requirements to the temporary disability examination is determined by the challenges faced by healthcare providers, as well as the solution of the problems faced by the subjects of the internal control of activities of healthcare organizations.