Interest in the use of microwave equipment for breast imagery is on the increase owing to its safety, ease of use and friendlier cost. However, some of the pertinent blights of the design and optimization of microwave antenna include intensive consumption of computing resources, high price of software acquisition and very large optimization time. This paper therefore attempts to address these concerns by devising a rapid means of designing and optimizing the performance of a 1×4 array of circular microwave patch antenna for breast imagery applications by deploying the adaptive gradient descent algorithm (AGDA) for a circumspectly designed artificial neural network. In order to cross validate the findings of this work, the results obtained using the adaptive gradient descent algorithm was compared with those obtained with the deployment of the much reported Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for the same dataset over same frequency range and training constraints. Analysis of the performance of the AGDA neural network shows that the approach is a viable and accurate technique for rapid design and analysis of arrays of circular microwave patch antenna for breast imaging.

The power line communication (PLC) channel is mainly affected by noise that is either caused by appliances or induced into channel from external source. The effects of those noises on transmission network constitute major problem that must be tackled. In this paper, a time domain noise measurement and characterization is presented. A design measurement system was set up that captured the noise in time domain for real indoor power line communication. Noise samples were captured with four channel digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) GDS-1052-U with two inputs channels. The time domain noise measurement is presented together with its statistical analysis based on numerous measurement campaigns in different laboratories at Afe Babalola University Ado Ekiti Nigeria, within three months; October, November and early December 2019. The measurement was taken between the hours of 8am-6pm, Monday -Saturday. Those days were equally distributed over three months of investigation. The measurement was carried out when all the electrical loads were running. The parameters of the noise measurements in terms of its duration, amplitude, impulsive and background noise voltage were examined. We compare our results to that of literatures; in comparison, the disparity with respect to durations and amplitude (mean and standard deviation) is quite significant.

Free space optical communication systems have witnessed a significant rise in attention over the last half a decade owing largely to their enormous bandwidth and relative ease of deployment. Generally, free space optical communication systems differ in their detection mechanism as various detection mechanisms are being reported, including intensity modulation/direct detection FSO, differential FSO and coherent FSO. In this chapter, we explore the prospect of obtaining an optimally performing FSO system by harnessing the cutting-edge features of coherent FSO systems and the coding gain and diversity advantage offered by a four-state space-time trellis code (STTC) in order to combat turbulence-induced fading which has thus far beleaguered the performance of FSO systems. The initial outcomes of this technique are promising as a model for various visible light communication applications.