ObjectiveTo determine distribution of COPD assessment categories and physicians’ adherence to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2013 strategy in Turkish COPD patients.MethodsA total of 1,610 COPD patients (mean [standard deviation] age: 62.6 [9.9] years, 85.7% were males) were included in this multicenter, non-interventional, cross-sectional study. Patients were categorized via GOLD 2013 strategy document. Consistency between reported and re-classified GOLD categories, and measures used for symptom evaluation and exacerbation was analyzed.ResultsOverall, 41.1% of patients were assigned to GOLD A, while 13.2% were assigned to GOLD C categories. Long-acting beta-2 agonist + long-acting muscarinic antagonist + inhaled corticosteroid regimen was the most common treatment (62.0%). Over-treatment was noted in >70% of GOLD A, B, and C patients. A high consistency between measures of symptom evaluation (Kappa coefficient =0.993, P<0.0001) and a low-moderate consistency between exacerbation risk measures (Kappa coefficient =0.237, P<0.0001) were noted.ConclusionOur findings revealed GOLD A as the most prevalent category in Turkish cohort of COPD patients. Group assignment was altered depending on the chosen measure for symptom and risk assessment. Physician non-adherence to treatment recommendations in GOLD 2013 document leading to over-treatment in patients assigned to GOLD A, B, and C categories was also detected.
Objective: Pleural effusion (PE) takes an important place in the clinical practice of thoracic diseases because of the difficulties in establishing an etiological diagnosis. The causes of effusion differ depending on the region where the examination is carried out, the clinic and the population involved. In this study, we aimed to evaluate adult patients who were examined due to PE in our clinic at a specific hospital for chest diseases. Methods:The recordings of 240 patients who were hospitalised between June 2010 and July 2013 in our clinic and examined due to PE were retrospectively evaluated. Their fluid samples were taken and the patients were exposed to advanced invasive procedures when necessary. Demographic features of the patients, fluid analyses, diagnostic methods and diagnoses were reviewed. Results:Of the cases, 68% were male. The mean age was 58±20 years and the most common complaint for admission was shortness of breath. The amount of pleural fluid was moderate in 56% of the cases. Eighty seven percent of the fluids were exudative. The concentration of glucose was below 60 mg/dL in 40 patients and the concentration of adenosine deaminase was above 40 U/L in 39 patients. The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) pleurisy was established to a great extent. Of the invasive procedures, closed pleural biopsy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy contributed to the diagnosis at rates of 47% and 21%, respectively. Of 61 malignancy-induced PEs, 38 were due to primary lung cancer and 8 were due to malignant mesothelioma. Apart from mesothelioma, 66% of these effusions were malignant effusions and contribution of the initial thoracentesis to this diagnosis was found to be 40%. Conclusion:In our serial study, the most common causes of PE was TB in female patients, and pneumonia in male patients. Invasive procedures except thoracentesis were performed for 160 cases in total in the study. In 10 cases, the etiology of effusion could not be identified.
ÖZET KOAH'ın kognitif fonksiyonlar üzerine etkisi: Bir olgu kontrol çalışması Giriş: Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH), değerlendirmesinde tedaviye yön vermek için hastalığın şiddetini, kişi-nin sağlık durumu üzerindeki etkilerini ve gelecekte karşılaşılabilecek olayların belirlenmesi hedeflenmelidir. KOAH'ın akciğer dışındaki etkileri iyi bilinmekle beraber kognitif fonksiyonlar üzerindeki etkisine yeteri kadar ilgi gösterilmemiştir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda KOAH hastalarımızın kognitif fonksiyonlarının değerlendirilmesi hedeflendi. Materyal ve GİRİŞKronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH), hava akımı obstrüksiyonuyla karakterize akciğer dışı sistemik etkileri de olan bir hastalıktır (1). KOAH yönetiminde tedaviye yön vermek amacıyla hastalığın şiddetini, hastalı-ğın kişinin sağlık durumu üzerindeki etkilerini ve gelecekte karşılaşılabilecek olay risklerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmelidir. Bu hedeflere ulaşmak için KOAH değer-lendirmesinde hastanın mevcut semptom düzeyi, spirometrik değerlendirmede saptanan obstrüksiyonun düzeyi, alevlenme riski ve komorbiditelerin değerlendi-rilmesi gerekmektedir (1-3).KOAH hastalarında kognitif bozulma, fiziksel aktivite ve serebral kan akımında azalma, doku hipoksisi, sistemik inflamasyon ve oksidatif stres ile ilişkili multifaktöryel bir süreçtir (4). KOAH'da yaşam kalitesindeki ve genel sağlık durumundaki değişiklikleri belirleyebilmek için fonksiyonel ölçümlerle birlikte hastanın bilişsel iyilik hallerinin ölçümüne olanak veren değerlendirme öl-çekleri de kullanılmaktadır (4,5). Bu amaçla kullanılan standardize mini mental test (SMMT) KOAH'lı hastalarda klinik pratikte ve araştırmalarda kullanıma uygun, kısa ve yönelim, dikkat, hafıza, motor beceri ve dil kullanımının değerlendirildiği bir testtir (4,6). KOAH'ın kognitif fonksiyonlar üzerinde oluşturduğu etkiler, tıbbi harcamaların artmasına ve iş gücü kaybına neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca, KOAH seyrinde izlenen alevlenmeler de kognitif fonksiyonları olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir (7,8). KOAH'ın çok bileşenli bir hastalık olduğu bilinmekle beraber kognitif fonksiyonlar üzerindeki etkisine yeteri kadar ilgi gösterilmemiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmaya kadar akut alevlenme sayısıyla kognitif fonksiyonlar arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirildiği bir ça-lışmaya literatürde rastlanmamıştır.
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