Thirteen Targhee rams selected for rate and efficiency of gain for 4 yr (1.5 generations) were compared with 10 rams from a Targhee line with no selection for over 20 yr to determine if selection for these traits would be associated with changes in the secretion of growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin (TSH) and(or) prolactin (PRL). Selected rams exhibited greater birth weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed consumed/day during a 6-wk individual feeding regimen, and exhibited greater overall ADG during a 16-wk feeding trial as compared with the unselected rams. Temporal blood plasma samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 8 h from each of the 23 rams for hormone analysis. Selected rams exhibited greater overall mean GH (6.1 +/- .4 vs 4.6 +/- .5 ng/ml), overall mean TSH (8.6 +/- 1.2 vs 6.2 +/- .7 ng/ml) and baseline mean TSH (8.0 +/- 1.1 vs 5.6 +/- .5 ng/ml) than the unselected rams. Although the adjusted GH spike amplitude value was higher in the selected line (12.1 +/- 3.0 vs 7.4 +/- .8 ng/ml), this difference was not significant. No differences were observed with any of the variables of PRL secretion. In addition, there were no significant correlations between any of the hormone variables and any of the feed or gain data. These data support the hypothesis that Targhee rams selected for rate and efficiency of gain exhibit higher plasma levels of GH and TSH than unselected rams of the same breed.