No abstract

[Purpose]This study examined the effects of an integrated health care program in elementary school students. [Methods]The integrated program comprised exercises (3–4 times/week) and six sessions on nutritional and psychological education. Anthropometric measurements were recorded before the intervention. Additionally, physical fitness, dietary habits, nutrition knowledge, and psychological changes were assessed before and after the program. [Results]In total, 29% of the subjects were overweight and obese before the intervention (32% boys and 26% girls). There was a significant increase in flexibility, endurance, and cardiovascular endurance after the implementation of the program. Additionally, as a result of the program, participants showed improvement in nutrition knowledge and dietary habits. After the training, children tended to exhibit increased self–efficacy and lower stress, but the findings were not statistically significant. [Conclusion]Implementation of an integrated health care program for the prevention and treatment of obesity could have a positive impact on children’s health. It is hoped that continued research on the long-term effects of such programs is conducted along with the development of various programs.

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are a group of fatty acids shown to have anti‐adipogenic and anti‐inflammatory properties, and beneficial effects on immune function. In a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study, 81 overweight premenopausal Korean females (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2) aged 20‐50 years were randomized to one of 4 groups. Each group was received placebo (olive oil), a CLA mixture 1.5g/d, 2.25g/d or 3g/d for 12 weeks. The major isomer content of tested CLA mixture (78.4% free fatty acids) was 36.8% cis‐9 trans‐11 CLA and 37.3% trans‐10 cis‐12 CLA. With 12 weeks of supplementation, mean C‐reactive protein was increased by 35% in a group with olive oil, while groups with CLA at 2.25 and 3mg/d showed 1 and 11% elevation, respectively (p>0.05). Plasma interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), an anti‐inflammatory cytokine, was significantly increased with 3g/d CLA supplementation for 12 weeks (P<0.05). Although mean plasma IL‐10 was found to be increased after 12 weeks in all groups, the groups with CLA supplementation showed greater changes (187‐232%) compared with placebo (146%). Elevated plasma immunoglobulin M was observed in 73% of individuals who received 3mg/d CLA for 12 weeks. These results suggest that CLA supplementation might have a potential to modulate markers related with inflammation and immune function. However, the effects observed in the current trial seem to be much more subtle than those found in animals and few other clinical studies, and a clinically useful level of CLA dose should be further elucidated.

This study was done to investigate the enhancement effects of human body fat reduction of CLA with the supplementation of γ‐oryzanol(OZ) on overweight Korean women(n=51, BMI>23). The subjects were divided into 4 groups of control (olive oil), CLA, glyceride form of CLA(GCLA), CLA plus OZ(CLA‐OZ) in randomized, double‐blinded placebo‐controlled study. The soft‐gel capsule(500mg) was used to deliver control(500mg olive oil), CLA(500mg CLA), GCLA(500mg GCLA), and CLA‐OZ(500mg CLA+ 50mg OZ). Three capsules were taken twice a day for 12 weeks. There were no significant differences among 4 groups in energy intake and energy expenditure for the test periods. The CLA‐OZ treatment reduced 1.14kg body fat mass(BFM), whereas CLA, GCLA treatment reduced only 0.36 and 0.71 kg BFM determined by DEXA. Control treatment rather elevated 0.02 kg BFM. As considered subject variations, CLA‐OZ reduced body fat ranged from 7.9% to ‐2.7%, equivalent to 5.6 kg loss to 0.7 kg gain in body fat mass, against CLA. Therefore CLA‐OZ treatment seemed to most effectively reduce body fat, relative to CLA, GCLA and control treatment groups although the reduction by CLA‐OZ were not significantly different from CLA or GCLA group. Also no difference was seen in LBM from all treatments. All biochemical markers analyzed for safety were not significant different within or between groups and were within the normal range. The CLA‐OZ supplement significantly reduced blood pressure, as compared to the supplementation of CLA, GCLA and control. These results that OZ could be a useful ingredient to mix with CLA for the reduction of human body fat. However further studies are needed to confirm the enhancement effect of CLA‐OZ with more subjects and longer treatment periods.