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The purpose of the article is to determine the optimal approach to assessing the risk of oil production objects as potentially dangerous objects. The current regulatory documents and international standards governing the process of risk assessment in the event of an emergency at oil production facilities became the methodological basis of the studies. The scientific and methodological basis of research is a modified deterministic and probabilistic approach to determining the risk of an emergency using fuzzy logic methods in the form of neural networks. The significance of anthropogenic disturbances of the natural environment at all levels was assessed according to the following parameters: spatial scale; time scale; intensity. Comparison of the values of the degree of impact for each parameter was evaluated by a point system according to the developed criteria. A comprehensive (integral) assessment of the load on individual components of the natural environment from different sources of impacts was set at the level of 6 points, which is identified as an impact of low significance. The studies were carried out on the example of consequences of emergency situations on the territory of the Sumy region for the period 2017–2021. The article gives recommendations of an organizational and technological nature to eliminate or reduce the degree of risk from emergencies associated with an oil spill.

To achieve greater management efficiency of any system, it is necessary to create the overall effectiveness of all its components. Taking into account the fact that the anthropogenic load on the environment and the magnitude of environmental and economic costs of the first stage of the lifecycle of the energy product depend on the cause and effect relationships at (i-n) stages, one should mention the ecologically oriented management system of the energy product lifecycle. An ecologically oriented management system of the energy product lifecycle is a management system that ensures environmental safety at each stage by coordinating the production and environmental functions and processes of energy entities. The process of environmental management, which is considered to be a process associated with compromises between socioeconomic and environmental needs of society in terms of limited resources, should include the objectively existing interaction between society and nature, features of modern social development, causation and environmental and economic contradictions. For example, from the standpoint of economic feasibility, this task resolves itself into such a level of environmental costs that would cause minimal environmental and economic losses.