The article deals with eSports as a perspective kind of commercial activity. The research urgency is determined by the fact that, given the active increase of eSports market with growth rates of more than 30% per year, the types of commercial activities in this field and in scientific papers are not studied in an adequate degree. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the commercial activity development in eSports and to determine the perspectives for its further growth in Ukraine. In order to determine the key types of commercial activity in eSports, the main sources of revenue in this area compared to sports were investigated, which showed a large unrealized potential for increasing revenues from the sale of tickets to competitions, the realization of broadcasting rights and merchandising. The study also showed that the largest number of income sources in eSports is at the stage of cyber-tournaments, which can be explained by a large consumer audience at this stage. However, unlike the esports world practice, computer game producers and well-known manufacturers of consumer goods in Ukraine do not finance domestic competitions, and, therefore, this stage of commercial activity remains at a low level. In modern conditions, among the types of eSports activities in Ukraine, only the computer games production and the cyber-racers game are properly developed. According to authors, to improve the eSports development in Ukraine, creating the national system of regular eSports competitions is needed, which will form the basis for the development of most types of commercial activities that are part of the cyber-tournaments. To do this, one needs to create appropriate platforms, as well as improve communications with fans in social networks and at amateur competitions. All this will make eSports a highly profitable business in Ukraine.

This article aims to develop a method for identifying generational cohorts based on the quantitative indicators underlying the change in generational phases according to Strauss and Howe. The scientifically substantiated differentiation between generational cohorts makes it possible to subsequently reveal the similar characteristics of people within these generational groups. The main result is a method for determining groups of generations, which includes five main stages: determining indicators-identifiers of generations, creating the initial database of indicators, compiling evaluation tables, dividing generations into groups by each indicator, comparing the obtained groups, and distributing the population by groups by indicators-identifiers of generations. The indicators-identifiers of generations used by the authors include natural population growth and gross domestic product. These indicators show the growth of the country’s most important resources, that is, human and economic resources, and make it possible to determine the moment of appearance of a new generation. The method for identifying the time ranges of generations and the results of applying this method (in modern Russia) make it possible to use the obtained information to solve various economic and social problems: study the features of representatives of certain generations, forecast the signs and time of the emergence of new generations in society, and so on. The proposed method can be used in scientific research and in practice, first, to evaluate the existing generations in a certain country, to substantiate measures promoting the transition of a society to the following development stages of generations, and for marketing purposes.

A socially responsible business is of considerable interest to a wide range of subjects, since it provides significant benefits to all members of society. Such business solves the social problems of residents with their direct participation, that is, with maximum consideration of their interests and, therefore, it becomes widespread in the contemporary global practices. Therefore, the recommendations regarding further development of social responsibility of businesses in Ukraine and Russia, in particular, in the field of trade, are highly relevant, which has determined the chosen topic.The purpose of this study is to assess the level of social responsibility of business enterprises in Ukraine and Russia and to formulate recommendations for its further development.The research revealed insufficient level of development of social responsibility of business in the field of trade in two countries. The study of the programs of social responsibility in the most active companies in two countries on this issue showed that consumer support programs are the most widespread. However, according to the official research results, the populations of Ukraine and Russia expect more active support from the staff of these companies.The work substantiated the expediency of creating a single state information resource of general use, which should accumulate the most important social projects in each country. It also proved the necessity to increase the participation of civic organizations in the implementation of joint social and trade activities, which requires the creation of the appropriate legal conditions.Ultimately, trading companies are encouraged to increase the volumes of funding for the prioritized areas of socially responsible investments, that is, to intensify the development of social responsibility to support labor practices.

The objective of this paper is to substantiate some proposals for improving state regulation of the retail network in Russia. In some regions of Russia, there is a lack of retail supply for the population, which requires government support for retail network development. State regulation of the trading network in Russia is carried out via establishing by the authorities of Russia’s administrative regions and local authorities of the minimum standards for public provision of trading floor space. However, only 3% of municipalities in Russia develop these standards; it reflects a low practical significance of the established indicators. The authors made a hypothesis that the indicators of retail floor space per thousand inhabitants, used as standards for the minimum public retail supply in Russia, need to be replaced due to the market development of trade. To test the hypothesis, the papers by authoritative authors on similar issues were studied, which revealed the use of population indicators based on the number of enterprises as a standard in countries with developed markets. A study of the current methodology for standardizing indicators in Russia was also conducted, which showed its insufficient academic rationalizing. According to the results of the study, it was proposed to change the indicator of the minimum public retail supply standard and use the norm of the number of trade organizations per capita, differentiated by the forms of trade. The recommendations of this paper provide the basis for improving the current legal acts on the regulation of norming retail chains in Russia. This study may be interesting for countries with similar conditions for the development of the retail network (a sparsely populated large part of the country, inaccessibility of some settlements, low state stimulation of retail within unprofitable territories).

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