INTRODUCTION:The COVID-19 pandemic has led to devastating outcomes, especially among patients who progress to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Corticosteroids improve survival and ventilator-free days in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen therapy. Though currently dexamethasone (DEX) is a first line corticosteroid due to its longer half-life and relative lack of mineralocorticoid activity, it is unclear whether alternate corticosteroids can demonstrate similar benefit. Historically, methylprednisolone (MP) has been the default treatment for pre-COVID ARDS and has shown benefit in severe Community Acquired Pneumonia due to its' high lung tissue penetration. Given increasing incidence of ARDS observed in severe COVID pneumonia, the goal of our study is to compare efficacy of MP vs DEX in moderate to severe ARDS. METHODS:This is a single center, multi-location, retrospective, observational study of 575 adult patients admitted to OSF Hospitals between 02/01/2020 and 03/31/2021 for treatment of confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate to severe ARDS defined as PaO2:FiO2< 200. Patients were grouped based on steroid regimen into one of three treatment arms: those receiving at least 6 mg of DEX (N=360) or 30 mg of MP (N=136) as single or divided daily dose, or sequential use of both DEX+MP (N=79). Demographic data, symptoms, laboratory values, steroid dosing and clinical outcomes were collected. RESULTS:The three treatment groups were similar in terms of baseline CRP, SAPS scores and procalcitonin levels. There was no difference in 28-day all-cause mortality rate among the three groups. The DEX+MP group demonstrated higher in-hospital mortality rate compared to either DEX or MP alone (60.8% vs 41.7% and 44.1%, respectively, p=0.008). The DEX+MP combination group had longer duration of stay compared to DEX or MP alone (21 days vs 12 and 13 days, respectively, p< 0.001) and spent more days in the ICU (14 days vs 6.5 and 7 days, respectively, p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:We did not observe 28-day mortality lowering effect across any of the three treatment groups. Dexamethasone was associated with reduced ICU and total hospital length of stay. A prospective, randomized trial comparing DEX and MP is warranted to further investigate potential superiority.
The review is devoted to long-term genetic and epigenetic disorders in exposed individuals and their descendants, namely to cytogenetic effects in the Chornobyl NPP accident clean-up workers and their children, DNA methylation as an epigenetic modification of human genome. Data presented in review expand the understanding of risk of the prolonged exposure for the present and future generations, which is one of key problems posed by fundamental radiation genetics and human radiobiology. The Scientific Council meeting of NAMS approved the NRCRM Annual Report. Key words: Chornobyl NPP accident, cytogenetic effects, DNA methylation.
Background: While patients > 80 years of age were originally excluded from the ECASS 3 trial showing benefit in the 3 – 4.5-hour window, recent studies have shown that intravenous alteplase is safe and benefits this population. We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients above 80 presenting both in the 3 and 3 – 4.5-hour windows. Methods: We analyzed data from 3 comprehensive stroke centers in the US of consecutive patients > 80 years of age presenting with acute ischemic stroke who received intravenous alteplase in both the 3 and 4.5-hour time windows over a 3-year period. We collected baseline demographic data, stroke severity as assessed by NIHSS scores, and use of mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Primary outcome was symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, as defined by ECASS 2 criteria (hemorrhagic transformation post thrombolysis with worsening of NIHSS score by ≥ 4 points). Secondary outcomes included assessment of efficacy, evaluated by good functional outcome (mRS 0 – 2) at time of discharge. Results: We identified 418 patients with ischemic stroke above 80 years (64.8% women) who received alteplase: 344 (82.3%) within 3 hour and 74 (17.7%) in the 3 to 4.5-hour window, with similar stroke severity by NIHSS scores (median [IQR] 13 [12-32] vs. 12 [6-20], p = 0.87). In addition, 147 patients received MT, 128 (37.2%) versus 19 (25.7%), (p= 0.059) in the 3 and 3-4.5-hour groups. The overall rate of sICH was 6.1% and 4.0% (p = 0.49), in the 3 and 3-4.5-hour groups, respectively. Good functional outcome was achieved in 16.7% at time of discharge, for 17.7% in the 3-hour group and for 12.2% in the 3 – 4.5-hour group (p= 0.24). Conclusions: In our multi-center cohort, the use of alteplase in patients above 80 was safe, with low sICH rates similar to the literature, irrespective of age. Given the rare occurrence of our primary outcome in a selected cohort of acute stroke patients, our study was not powered to detect a possible significant difference in sICH.
Training for physicians of the system of postgraduate educationДосягнення сучасної науки ставлять перед вищою медичною освітою цілу низку проблем, серед яких є збільшення кількості інформації, якою повинен оволодіти майбутній спеціаліст. Без підвищення рівня фундаментальної підготовки на теперішній час неможливо досягти головної мети перебудови освіти -суттєвого покращання якості підготовки фахівців. Рівень викладання навчального матеріалу має забезпечити опанування студентами та лікарями на етапі безперервного професійного розвитку великого за обсягом інформації матеріалу за одиницю часу та її використання Основою реформування системи післядипломної освіти лікарів, без сумніву, є постійне піднесення якості її надання [88-90]. Однією із найважливіших проблем в організації післядипломного навчання лікарів є вибір методики проведення практичного заняття. На наш погляд, однією із оптимальних форм проведення практичного заняття на післядипломному етапі підготовки лікарів є клінічний розбір пацієнтів. Важливою ланкою правильної організацій даного виду навчання є вибір форми проведення занять. Технічний прогрес, зорієнтованість на споживача освітянських послуг, вносять корективи в форми проведення практичних занять [93,94]. Ще зовсім недавно практичне заняття у "класичному" варіанті проводилось як демонстрація зазделегідь підготовленого пацієнта із обов'язковим викладенням даних про пацієнта та його захворювання. Перевагами такої форми заняття є те, що лікарі самостійно готуються до заняття, опановують літературу із проблеми, адже викладач може у будь-який момент залучити слухача до розбору пацієнта [90]. Наразі, у зв'язку із розвитком уявлень про біоетичні і юридичні норми стосунків "лікар -пацієнт", не завжди пацієнт, особливо той, що має рідкісну патологію чи представляє інтерес у проведенні диференційної діагностики, дає згоду на огляд широким загалом слухачів. Для
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