Introduction. The development of eff ective test systems for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and the study of factors infl uencing their sensitivity and specifi city constitute urgent tasks given the unstable epidemiological situation with TB in Ukraine and the world. The study aimed to determine the clinical and laboratory features of pulmonary TB that may aff ect the sensitivity of IgG TB antibody detection in human serum by the immuno-enzyme test system "IB-Chem Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis", which was developed at the Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine and uses recombinant fusion protein MPT83-MPT63 as an antigen. Methods. Sera of 62 patients with chemoresistant pulmonary TB were tested for TB antibodies using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dependence of the obtained results on clinical symptoms and signs of pulmonary TB, the frequency of diff erent types of antibiotic resistance, cellular and biochemical parameters of blood were analysed. Results. The sensitivity of the immuno-enzyme test system "IB-Chem Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis" for detecting human IgG TB antibodies using recombinant fusion protein MPT83-MPT63 was found to constitute 71.0%; it reached 81.3% in patients with destructive pulmonary TB. Conclusion. The developed test system should primarily be used for the TB diagnosis in patients with destructive changes in the lungs where the diagnostic effi ciency of this test system reaches high indicators.
Introduction. The main thrust of the global tuberculosis response for decades has been focused on tuberculosis (TB) in adults. However, this approach has failed to achieve the expected results in TB control. Therefore, WHO has changed the paradigm of TB control with a focus on childhood TB. Objective. To investigate the epidemiological situation of childhood tuberculosis in Ukraine in dynamics, to define the main factors of negative changes, and to define the directions for improvement of antituberculosis care. Materials and Methods. Epidemiological, clinical, statistical. Results. The epidemiological situation in Ukraine remains difficult. Over the past 10 years, the relapse rate of TB in adults has increased significantly, from 13.6% to 23.0%, and the number of patients with drug-resistant (DR) TB (in children by 11.0% in 2020). The volume of professional examination of children for TB decreased significantly, which led to an increase in the structure of the disease of severe forms requiring surgical treatment, and a significant under-recognition of patients and individuals with latent TB infection. Etiological verification of the diagnosis in children is very difficult. Practically 50.0% of unhealthy inpatients, even with very scrupulous examination, fail to detect MBT by any method (in Ukraine this figure reaches 70.0%). Conclusions. In spite of positive dynamics of morbidity and mortality, WHO estimations show significant underdiagnosis of TB patients in Ukraine. The relapse rate in adults and DR-TB patients of all age groups is increasing; the percentage of children under 14 years old in the age structure is increasing. Early detection of TB infection in children is extremely important for TB control in the country, which requires free access of the child population to systematic screening for TB with the Mantoux test and a new skin test with highly specific TB biomarkers (ESAT-6, CFP-10). Modern methods of molecular-genetic diagnostics of TB are quickly and efficiently implemented in NIFP, treatment of children with DR-TB with new anti-TB drugs was started. For the first time in Ukraine, the Center of surgical treatment of children with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs was established at the Institute. Keywords. TB in children, epidemiological indicators, dynamics of morbidity, drug-resistant TB, improvement of anti-TB care.
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Распространение заболеваемости туберкулезом в Украине вынуждает врачей использовать интенсивную химиотерапию, что приводит к побочным реакциям и увеличению частоты лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза. Токсико-аллергические реакции приобретают затяжное течение и трудно поддаются корректирующей терапии, что требует дополнительных исследований. ЦЕЛЬ. Определить изменения иммунологической реактивности у больных туберкулезом легких при аллергических и токсико-аллергических реакциях на фоне лечения путем изучения клеточного иммунитета. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Проанализированы результаты клинико-лабораторного и иммунологического обследования больных в зависимости от наличия/отсутствия клинических признаков аллергических реакций на противотуберкулезные препараты с использованием метода проточной цитофлюориметрии и оценки состояния фагоцитарного звена иммунитета. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ИХ ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. У пациентов без побочных реакций выявлены активация всех исследованных субпопуляций Т-, В-лимфоцитов и увеличение в крови абсолютного и относительного количества натуральных киллеров, что является положительным фактором для уничтожения микобактерий. Развитие чисто аллергических реакций способствует торможению активности общего пула Т-лимфоцитов, их субпопуляций, В-лимфоцитов, натуральных киллеров, поглотительной активности фагоцитов, что является неблагоприятным фактором и может привести к формированию иммуноцитной анергии. У пациентов с клинико-лабораторными признаками токсико-аллергических реакций выявлены повышенная активность воспалительного процесса и усугубление иммунного дисбаланса, не сопровождающегося тормозящим воздействием на лимфоциты и фагоциты крови и свидетельствующего об особом патогенезе токсико-аллергических реакций, в котором задействованы нарушения функции печени. ВЫВОДЫ. Выявленные особенности иммунного статуса позволят скорректировать лечение.
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