The current study attempts to present the effects of a comparative legal study regarding the legal consequences of consent with accusation in Russia and foreign countries' criminal processes. It has been established that the institution of consent with accusation in the Russian criminal process does not have a significant effect on its reduction and also does not determine the development and application of alternative measures of punishment for committing crimes. According to the current Criminal Procedure Code of Russia, consent with accusation concerning committing crimes of small and medium gravity entails the same consequences: release from criminal liability and reduction of the amount of punishment. Following the principle of fairness, the authors substantiated the most appropriate alternative penalties provided by the criminal procedure legislation of Germany and France.

The purpose of the article is to study the judicial practice and identify the problem of the lack of an objective medical and social prognosis of the public danger of a mentally ill (deranged) person in order to further apply compulsory medical measures, their replacement or cancellation. As a consequence, individuals who no longer pose such danger are unreasonably subjected for a long time to restrictions on civil, political, economic, social, and cultural human and civil rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the universally recognized principles and rules of international law. The methodological basis of the research is both philosophical (dialectical, analytical) and generally scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction). The work resulted in the conclusion that there is a similar problem in foreign forensic psychiatry and law and order, identifying similarities and differences in approaches to solving it, with regard to the national specifics of providing psychiatric care to the population, including in a compulsory manner. The novelty of the work is that given the objective and subjective difficulties that domestic forensic psychiatry experiences in creating a prognostic methodology of public danger of such patients, a proposal is made to consider, for these purposes, the time period during which the patient does not commit crime. Although the proposed criterion is not of a medical nature, it is always in the sight of doctors and lawyers (judge, prosecutor) when resolving legal situations related to compulsory medical measures. The authors of the article expect that in combination with the clinical variables of the risk of violence, this will allow to achieve an objective prognosis and avoid the unjustified use of medical (restrictive) measures.

Решение задач по осуществлению судом правосудия и формированию необходимой для этого фактической основы органами предварительного расследования обеспечивается уголовно-правовыми средствами: привлечением к уголовной ответственности за воспрепятствование осуществлению правосудия и производству предварительного расследования. Вследсвие неопределенности истолкования ряда терминов («правосудие», «отправление правосудия» и «иные лица, участвующие в отправлении правосудия») в уголовно-правовых нормах, устанавливающих указанную ответственность, следователи и судьи нередко допускают ошибки. Указанные термины являются предметом изучения в правовой литературе, однако вне поля зрения исследователей остается следственно-судебная практика их применения. Авторами рассмотрены причины сложившегося положения на основе анализа опубликованной следственной и судебной практики и сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию уголовного законодательства и практики его применения.

This article presents the author's analysis of the problem of limited sanity in the criminal law theory and practice of Russia and Europe. The author established that the problem of limited sanity, despite its long history, has not yet been developed in many countries, and that the boundaries of the concept of limited sanity are extremely vague and indefinite. However, the experience of some foreign countries in terms of ensuring security measures can be used in the Russian Federation.

The use of video technologies in the criminal proceedings should hardly be considered as a fundamentally new legal phenomenon. In one way or another, video technologies have been used for quite a long time. However, video technologies are used in different ways and to a different extent in different countries. In this regard, it is interesting to compare such indicators in order to increase the effectiveness of the criminal process by expanding the methods of obtaining evidence, increasing the level of protection of participants in the criminal proceedings and international cooperation in the field of criminal proceedings.