Abstract. In Central Java, the prevalence of LBW (Low Birth Weight) has increased from 4.3 (2018) to 4.7 (2019) and be the biggest cause of neonatal mortality (46.4%) and infant mortality (40.5%). The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between quality of ANC (Antenatal Care), iron supplementation, pregnancy complications, and maternal smoking status with LBW in Central Java. This research was an analytical study used secondary data from the 2017 IDHS (Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey). The sampling design used purposive sampling.Population study was 1205 babies born in Central Java. The sample comprised 952 babies. Independent variables were the quality of ANC, iron supplementation, pregnancy complications, and maternal smoking status, with the incidence of LBW as dependent variable. Data analysis was performed by chi-square continuity correction and logistic regression. Pregnancy complications have been associated with the incidences of LBW in Central Java (p-value = 0.0001). Iron supplementation (OR = 2.474) and pregnancy complications (OR = 4.869) had an effect on the incidence of LBW in Central Java. Iron supplementation and pregnancy complications influenced the incidence of LBW in Central Java.

Lifestyle and exposure of free radicals affect in a person’s fertility. ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) in excess can caused oxidative stress and DNA damage (deoxyribonucleic acid). Adequate intake of antioxidants is needed to maintain ROS level. This review’s aim is determine the types and sources of antioxidants that play a role in determining a person’s fertility level. This research is a narrative review using a literature review method by collecting and concluding data from previous studies. The search for previous research articles was carried out on the Scopus, Science Direct, Clinical Key, SpringerLink, BMC and Google Schoolar portals with keywords in the form is foodstuffs, antioxidants, and infertility which found 8,745 articles. Total of 75 articles met the inclusion-exclusion criteria for used in writing this article. The research was conducted in  2022. Most antioxidants take a role in determining male fertility, such as glutathione, selenium, carotenoids (beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, beta-carotene and lutein), zinc, vitamin C, vitamin E, and flavonoids. NAM (Nicotinamide) and carvacrol play a role in determining female fertility. These antioxidants can be found in fruits, vegetables, protein sources and several other plants. Consumption of antioxidant sources is highly recommended to increase fertility, especially for infertile couples.

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One in five people in the world is at risk of zinc deficiency. In Indonesia, 77.48% of the population has zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency causes sperm abnormalities, such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the fibrous sheath, axonal disorders, and abnormal midpiece. Serum zinc levels of infertile males were significantly lower than normal males. Factors causing a lack of serum zinc are inadequate dietary zinc intake and zinc absorption inhibitors. Serum zinc levels are influenced by unclear factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), zinc, iron, protein, tannins and phytate intake with serum zinc levels of infertile male farmers in the Larangan district. This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample selection used a total sampling technique of as many as 58 male infertile farmers. Data was collected through interviews using a food frequency semi-quantitative questionnaire, measurement of height using a microtoise, weighing using a digital stepping scale, and laboratory tests of venipuncture blood samples. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and Spearman range. The average BMI of respondents was above the normal limit (26.09). The average zinc intake was 8.99 mg/ day, the average iron intake was 18.31 mg/day, the average protein intake was 85.71 g/ day, and the average tannin intake was 139.93 mg/day. The average phytate intake was 1147.73 mg/day and the average serum zinc level was 78.02 μg/dL. The bivariate analysis showed that there was no relationship between BMI (p-value = 0.29), zinc intake (p-value = 0.42), iron (p-value = 0.33), protein (p-value = 0.70), tannins (p-value = 0.19), and phytate (p-value = 0.63) with serum zinc levels. The average zinc intake of infertile male farmers was below the cut of nutritional adequacy rate. Infertile male farmers are advised to increase their consumption of animal zinc sources to make ends meet zinc intake per day.