No abstract

It is well known that punching force is highly important to boxers for winning and one of the key components of amateur boxing. Boxing needs also get blocking position, after throwing a punch to not receive a punch.The aim of the study was to determine the dominant internal-external shoulder muscles and dominant extension-flexion leg muscles strength of the elite boxers at 60° and 180° sec-1. In the study, 10 male elite boxers 22.10 ± 1.37 years, height 174.60 ± 6.41 cm and 72.60 ± 10.74 kg participated in the study. The isokinetic knee and shoulder strength tests were performed with an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex, Humac Norm 2004) in the kinanthropometry laboratory of Selcuk University. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 22 package program. Descriptive data of the participants were given as mean, minimum, maximum and standard deviation. it was determined that the peak dominant leg strength of elite boxers were found for extension 224,900 nM (60 °/s) and 135,70 nM (180 °/s ). The peak dominant leg strength of elite boxers found for flexion 120,50 nM and 72,30 nM at 60 °/s and 180 °/s respectively. Elite boxers' leg strength was similar to literatür. As a result of the study, it can be said that the internal muscle group of boxers produce more power than external muscle group. It can be concluded that the boxers have better punching strength than defense.

The aim of this study to investigate the effects of 6-weekscompetition period training on body composition of elite boxers. In this study, 9 elite boxers from the boxing team of the Selçuk University volunteered. Subjects were of mean age 24.11 ± 4.14 years, the experience of training 7.11 ± 3.06 years and height 179.12 ± 6.72 cm. Boxing training of the competition period was conducted for 6-weeks. The effects of the competition period training on body composition were evaluated as related to pre-and post-test data. Tanita TBF-410 Body Composition Analyzer was used to determine the parameters of subjects' body composition [VA (kg), BMI (kg/m 2), BMR (kcal), FAT (%), FMASS (kg), FFM (kg), TMV (kg)]. For data analyses, SPSS 22.0 statistical package program was operated. Mean and standard deviation were computed. According to tests of normality, the Independent t-test was used to compare paired groups. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. When the pre-test and post-test parameters were compared, body weight and BMI in pre-test were lower than post-test (p<0.05). No significant difference between pre-test and post-test for BMR, FAT, FMASS, and TMW (p>0.05). In conclusion, the recent study suggests that a 6-weeks training of competition period in elite boxers might decrease body weight and BMI but it might not have any effect on other parameters.

ÖZETMenstruasyon bayanların over fonksiyonlarındaki gelişmeler sonucu üreme yeteneğinin faaliyete başladığı bir yaşam sürecidir. Üreme fonksiyonunun gerçekleşmediğini gösterir özel bir durumdur.Yapılan çalışmanın amacı bayanlarda menstruasyon döneminde ve normal dönemdeki anaerobik gücün tespit edilerek, karşılaştırılıp iki dönem arasındaki farkı tespit etmek ve dolayısıyla tüm spor kamuoyuna bu konuyla ilgili bilimsel ve sağlıklı sonuçlar sunmaktır.Araştırma Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksek Okulunda okuyan, menstruasyon dönemi ağrısız ve az ağrılı geçen, yaş ortalamaları 19,66 ve vücut ağırlığı ortalamaları 56,33 ve boy ortalamaları 164,6 olan 30 adet bayan öğrenci denek olarak seçilmiştir.Yapılan wingate test sonuçlarında elde edilen anaerobik güç ortalamaları "t" testi ile karşılaştırılmıştır.İki dönem arasında elde edilen parametrelerde farklılık gözlenirken, istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır.Sonuç olarak menstruasyon ve normal dönemdeki anaerobik güç ölçüm sonuçlarında birbirine yakın değerlere rastlanmıştır ve menstrual dönemde anaerobik performans açısından olumsuz bir bulguya rastlanmamıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Menstruasyon, anaerobik EFFECT OF MENSTRUATION ON ANAEROBIC STRENGHT ABSTRACTMenstruation is life process in which female productivity begin to operate because of developments in the ovary functionings. It is a special instance indicating that the reproduction is not taking place.The objective of this project are to determine and compare the anaerobic stregth in females in the menstruating and nonmenstruating periods, to determine the difference between them ,and to inform the general sports community about this issue with scientific and reliable information .The project was undertaken at the School of Phyisical Education and Sport at Selcuk University. Thirty female students were selected as subjects from among those who have their menstruation without or little pain and whose avarege age , weight and height are respectively 19.66 yıs, 56.33 kg, 164.6 cm.The anaerobic stregth averages obtainedin the Wingate test were compares with the 't' test .While differences were obseved between parametres belonging to the two periods, these differences were meaningful from a statistical pointof wiew.As a result, because of the smilar findings in the menstrual and normal periods, no ngative effect on anaerobic strength of the menstrual period has been detected.

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of strenuous exercise and calcium supplementation on cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels in athletes at rest and exhaustion. Thirty male athletes, ages 17-21 years, were enrolled in the 4-week study. They were divided into three groups as follows: group 1 (n = 10): training without supplementation; group 2 (n = 10): training and calcium supplemented, and group 3 (n = 10): calcium supplemented without training. Venous blood samples were obtained for determination of the hormones. One-month supplementation with calcium does not influence the cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone in athletes, but strenuous exercise results in a significant increase in their levels with or without supplementation (p < 0.05).