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Background: Temporary Cardiac Pacing is the temporary delivery of electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate and automate the beating of the heart. Aim of the study: (1) Assess nurse's level of knowledge regarding management of temporary pacemaker in critically ill patient, (2) Assess nurse's level of practice regarding care of temporary pacemaker in critically ill patient. Research design: A descriptive exploratory research design was utilized to carry out this study. Setting: This study was conducted in three different cardiac care units at Ain shams university hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University. Tools of data collection:(1) Nurses' knowledge regarding care of temporary pacemaker assessment tool, (2) Nurses' observational checklist. Results: It was revealed that (56%) of nurses had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding care of patient with temporary pacemaker, (56%) of nurses had a satisfactory level of practice pre pacemaker insertion procedure, while (56%) of nurses had unsatisfactory level of practice during the temporary pacemaker insertion procedure, and (56%) of nurses had unsatisfactory level of practice post temporary pacemaker insertion procedure. Conclusion: it can be concluded that more than half of nurses had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding care of patient with temporary pacemaker. More than half of nurses had a satisfactory level of practice pre pacemaker insertion procedure. While more than half of nurses had unsatisfactory level of practice during the temporary pacemaker insertion procedure, and more than half of nurses had unsatisfactory level of practice post temporary pacemaker insertion procedure. Recommendation: future studies are recommended for training programs for nurses to improve their knowledge and practice regarding care of patients with temporary pacemaker.

Acute bleeding from esophageal varices is often a dramatic event. Dependent on the amount of lost blood, patients might be hemodynamic instable and present in hemorrhagic shock. Thus, the management of patients with acute variceal bleeding includes not only treatment and control of active bleeding but also the prevention of rebleeding, infections and renal failure. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of discharge planning for patients with esophageal varices on compliance to therapeutic regimen. Subjects and Methods: A purposive sample of 100 esophageal varices patients in GIT endoscopy unit and internal medicine units at Benha University Hospital over a period of 12 months. Data were collected using I) Interview questionnaire sheet to assess patients' knowledge, which include two parts 1) Socio demographic characteristics related to patients and 2)Structured Knowledge Questionnaire, II) Compliance assessment sheet to assess compliance of patients with esophageal varices to therapeutic regimen. Results: revealed that more than half (53%) of patients had poor knowledge before implementation of the program, which improved post and follow-up program implementation (79%). Regarding to patients' compliance toward therapeutic regimen, findings indicated that, less than half (45%) of the patients had low level of compliance prior implementation of the program, which improved to high level of compliance (77%) post and follow-up program implementation. Conclusion: The results had shown many areas of deficit in patients' compliance toward therapeutic regimen prior application of the program which reflects a need for further continuous education which will provide patients with some directions that will help to be compliant with therapeutic regimen and manage complications. Recommendations: The study recommended for further continuous educational programs to be conducted for the patients to improve their compliance.

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