The study employed the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) and Dolado and Lutkepohl (1996) –TYDL methodology to uncover the direction of causal relationship between savings and economic growth in Nigeria between 1970 and 2006. The empirical results suggest that savings and economic growth are positively cointegrated, indicating a stable long-run equilibrium relationship. Further, the findings revealed a unidirectional causality between savings and economic growth and the complementary role of FDI in growth.

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The exchange rate pass-through for Nigeria imports is estimated by applying an econometric procedure to sectoral data which avoids the pit-falls in previous studies. We use the mark-up approach, which implies setting export prices as a mark-up on production costs. So, the price facing importers is the exchange rate adjusted production costs where mark-up depends on the competitive pressures in the import's market and the nominal exchange rate. Our results indicate incomplete pass-through at varying degrees across sectors, which implies that the foreign exporters passed on only part of the increase in their costs of production to import prices. Also, it reveals that the effort of the Nigerian government in encouraging companies to use local inputs where possible instead of relying on imported intermediate inputs is gradually yielding positive results. Important policy implications that follow from our results of incomplete pass-through to domestic prices could influence CBN forecasts of future path of inflation, a key element in the conduct of monetary policy. Indeed, the successful implementation of monetary policy presupposes that CBN has not only a good understanding of inflation dynamics but is also relatively successful at predicting the future path of inflation. Also, our results imply that the exchange rate policy may be a blunt instrument when used to restore external balance since relative price adjustments will be limited. Furthermore, the incomplete pass-through suggests that exchange rate changes are likely to lead to smaller real effects on the economy through lower changes in both the terms of trade and import volumes and finally, the extent of inflation (deflation) effects of exchange rate depreciation (appreciation) operating through changes in the prices of imported goods will be moderated.

The goal of the MedizDroid Project is to research the affordable and sustainable use of aerial platforms (UAV, UAS, MAVs, drones, multi-copters and multi-rotors), briefly malaria mosquito control drones, for mosquito vector control and suppression. Mosquitoes are vectors for several diseases including malaria, Chikungunya, dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis), West Nile virus disease, and yellow fever. Therefore, for each infectious disease, a very important aspect of integrated disease management is vector control. Current methods of mosquito control include using: a)Screens; b) Repellents; c) Insecticide treated bed nets (LLINs, ITNs, INs); d) Indoor residual spraying (IRS); e) Outdoor residual spraying (ORS): treatment of resting sites; f) Larval source management (LSM):treatment of breeding sites and water bodies; larviciding (LC); using biological controls (BC); g) Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) space spraying: aerial spraying; ground vehicle mounted spraying; h) External environment & habitat management, modification and manipulation (EHM*). The focus of the Project is the automation of IRS, ORS, LSM (and later EHM*), in developing affordable and sustainable drone-based systems that can be deployed in malaria endemic sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere. The current most realistic method of backpack spraying has many challenging issues.Currently the Project is at the stage of specifying, simulating and prototyping subsystems: heavy lift and long endurance UAVs using hybrid power; composite and parasite drones; electronically controllable vector control payloads; and structured software platforms and architectures.Keywords-uav, multicopter, drone, mosquito control, malaria, integrated vector management, larval source management, indoor residual spraying, outdoor residual spraying, autopilot.I.

Este trabajo investiga de qué forma la inversión extranjera directa (IED) ha afectado realmente el crecimiento económico de México. Dado que se han hecho esfuerzos que ponen un énfasis especial en la estrategia de industrialización hacia fuera, ponemos a prueba las hipótesis de crecimiento dirigido por la IED y las exportaciones en México utilizando un modelo multivariado con vectores autorregresivos. Los resultados muestran que la evidencia para el crecimiento dirigido por la IED no es tan fuerte como la evidencia para el crecimiento dirigido por las exportaciones. Sin embargo, el TLCAN ha permitido mejorar los efectos potenciales de los flujos extranjeros. Las estimaciones revelan que el capital privado y extranjero tienen efectos estadísticamente significativos sobre el crecimiento. Las manufacturas, la IED, las exportaciones, el trabajo y el capital humano mostraron efectos positivos sobre la economía.