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This study explores the issues relating to liquidity risk and interest-rate risk, recognizing that existing studies are mostly vague in emerging and developing markets. Panel data estimation technique is employed in the study based on data extracted from 63 commercial banks in ASEAN-5 countries over the period 2009 to 2017 making up to 567 observations. The empirical results reveal that loan to deposit ratio have a positive significant effect on firm value while liquid asset ratio, interest rate risk (net interest margin and asset interest yield) have a negative significant effect on firm value for ASEAN. The loan to deposit ratio have a positive significant impact on return on asset, interest rate risk and banks size have a significant negative effect on return on asset for ASEAN banks while GDP and inflation have a positive significant effect on return on asset. Also, the liquidity risk have a negative significant effect on return on equity while the interest rate risk have a positive significant effect, bank size have a significant negative effect on return on equity while inflation rate have a positive significant impact on return on equity. Hence, this empirical study provides implications that emphasizes on the need for banks to adhere to prudential and regulatory guidelines and ensure corporate management with respect to liquidity exposure that is capable of critically affecting banks profitability and firm value. The dynamics of interest rate volatility in banks operating environment necessitates that financial institutions use sound risk management practices in order to obtain higher valuations, achieve better financial performance and experience diminished costs of financial distress that's useful for policy implementations in ASEAN economies and suggest that further study can explore the interaction between abnormal loan growth and non-performing loans with a robust econometrics model.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of liquidity risk and interest rate risk on profitability and firm value, current studies are typically limited in emerging markets. This study employs a panel data estimation technique and a sample of 16 banks operating in Nigeria over the period from 2009 to 2017 making up to 144 observations. The findings of the study reveal that liquidity risk (loan to deposit ratio and liquid asset ratio) have a significant negative effect on firm value, the net interest margin and GDP have a negative significant impact on firm value for Nigerian banks. The loan to deposit ratio have a negative significant effect on firm value while the liquid asset ratio have a positive effect on firm value. The net interest margin have a negative significant effect on firm value while the asset interest margin have a positive significant impact on firm value. The GDP and inflation both have a positive significant relationship with firm value. The liquidity risk (loan to deposit ratio and liquid asset ratio) have a significant negative impact on return on equity of Nigerian banks. The GDP growth rate have a positive significant effect on the value of firm. Hence, this empirical study emphasizes and contributes to the dynamic role of liquidity risk and interest-rate risk and it's implication on profitability and firm value of banks in Nigeria and suggest that further study can explore a comparative study between Nigeria and financial firms in developed economy.

This study is designed to address the critical issues of financing risk in the banking industry. The data from sixteen selected commercial banks' audited financial reports from 2009 to 2015 was used, making up to 112 observations. The panel data approach was used in the study for the analytical models. The market-based and accountingbased measure was used to proxy firm performance while financing risk was proxied by the Short-term debt, Long-term debt and Total debt ratio. The controlled variables used in this study included bank size and the GDP growth rate. Based on the random effect analysis in the models, the TDE ratio and GDP had a negative significant effect on firm value, suggesting that improvement in the TDE and GDP would increase firm value. The LTD ratio had a positive significant effect on firm value. The STD, LTD and TDE all impacted negatively on the banks' return on assets. This suggested that a decrease in STD, LTD and TDE would lead to an increase in banks' return on asset. The STD, LTD and GDP had a negative and significant effect on the banks' net interest margin. The firm size had no impact on either the firm value or profitability measure used in the study. It was observed that the GDP played an important role in the performance of the commercial banks in the study. Hence, this paper suggests that further study can explore the effects of firm characteristics on firm value by exploring non-financial firms and/or a cross-country study. Contribution/ Originality:This study is one of few that offers new insights on the nexus between financing risk, profitability and firm value which provides some valuable evidence for policy makers, academics, and other stakeholders.

The study explore the issues relating to credit growth, non-performing credit and bank solvency in the banking industry, recognizing that existing studies are largely sketchy in emerging and developing markets. Panel data estimation technique is employed in the study based on data extracted from 26 commercial banks in Nigeria and Malaysia over the period 2009 to 2017 making up to 234 observations. The results reveal that the NPLs for all banks is only explained by loan growth and inflation, NPLs for Nigerian banks is only explained by loan growth, leverage, efficiency, size and inflations while NPLs for Malaysian banks is only explained by leverage, efficiency, size, GDP and inflation. The bank solvency for all banks is only explained by NPLs, loan growth and leverage. The solvency for Nigerian banks is explained by NPLs, leverage and GDP while loan growth, size and inflation explained bank solvency for Malaysian banks. Firm value for all banks is explained by solvency, NPLs, leverage, efficiency, size and GDP, the value of firm for Nigerian banks is only explained by solvency, loan growth, leverage, efficiency and size. The firm value for Malaysian banks is only explained by solvency, loan growth, leverage, efficiency, size, GDP and inflation. It is observed that bank solvency play an important role in the firm value of commercial banks in the period of study. Hence, this paper contributes to the understanding of the dynamic role of abnormal loan growth and how it can enhance the volume of nonperforming credit and suggest that further study can explore the interaction between abnormal loan growth and nonperforming loans.