The need for information continually necessitates the gathering and analysis of data. Information is generated from data supplied by individuals and as much as individuals are willing to supply their data, they are much more concerned about their privacy. Anonymization was initially thought of to providing the needed privacy but was discovered that anonymization is prone to linkage attack. This research work investigated differential privacy as a better data privacy method by analyzing three differential privacy mechanisms; the Laplace mechanism, exponential mechanism, and the median mechanism. In this study, epsilon was used as the privacy parameter. The smaller the epsilon value is indicates a greater privacy level and a lower accuracy level of information and vice versa. Researchers tend to use smaller epsilon value as researchers are much more concerned about privacy but industrial counterparts are more concerned about information accuracy. Epsilon value is therefore generated at random depending on whether privacy or accuracy is the major point of focus. Laplace mechanism was implemented in this research work using epsilon generating model that depends on the data set. The results from this research shows an improvedgenerated epsilon value that ensures privacy while maintaining accuracy of information.

Empyema has rarely been associated with hepatic abscess. In patients with concurrent empyema and hepatic abscess, hepatic abscess drainage is usually required after drainage of the pleura. We present a rare case of a 91-year-old Caucasian man who presented with a 2-week history of productive cough, fever, shortness of breath, and generalized malaise. The patient was found to have concurrent streptococci empyema and hepatic abscess, and, interestingly, the hepatic abscess resolved after the drainage of the empyema and initiation of antibiotics.

We conducted a review of the Milton Keynes University Teaching Hospital NHS Trust's modality of staging breast cancer to assess compliance with the Royal College of Radiology (RCR) guidelines in the use of bone scan for breast cancer staging. We noticed that a bone scan was required for all breast cancer patients, most of whom did not meet the RCR criteria for a bone scan. We found that a bone scan done on all 89 breast cancer patients seen from June 2020 to May 2021 was ineffective in confirming all cases with bone metastasis, hence not contributing to management and outcomes. We recommend that bone scans should not be routinely done on breast cancer patients, as it is not cost-effective and cost-saving.