The new method of visual diagnostics of liquid motion processes in physical models showed a high degree of the flow structure organization. Visual pictures made it possible to develop a hydraulic experiment to reveal the dimensions of the transverse structure in the form of layers and zones of flow separation from the channel walls. Visual diagnostics is the basis for comprehensive equipment design. Visual studies of the flow structure provide information for improving equipment by changing the geometry of the flow paths. Hydraulic studies show the change in the resistance of the equipment channels. Based on the results of visual and hydraulic studies, the wave character of the distribution of the pulsation velocity components was revealed. The regularities of the velocity distribution allow predicting the minimum or maximum values of the resistances of the flow paths of the equipment.

The indicator of the quality of modern turbomachines is only the coefficient of efficiency, which characterizes the ratio of the useful work of compressors or fans to the energy expended on the drive. For the analysis of the quality of the motion, processes in flow parts, the values of resistances are used which are difficult to be considered as an indicator of the efficiency of dynamic processes. The report presents the results of visual diagnostics of the structure of flows during the movement in the elements of turbomachines, as well as options for improving the geometry of the flow parts - in the inlet pipes, impellers.For the analysis of the efficiency of the motion of liquids and gases in flowing parts, a calculated index is proposed - the coefficient of hydraulic efficiency of dynamic processes. The joint use of two indicators - the efficiency of transformation of different types of energy (efficiency of turbomachines) and the efficiency of dynamic processes in flowing parts allows us to develop and to analyze the results of reconstruction of turbomachines. Reconstruction of turbomachines with the purpose of improving the geometry of the flow parts provides an increase in productivity of turbines, compressors, fans and pumps, while reducing the specific energy consumption for the processes of compression and transport of liquids and gases. Optimization of turbomachines flow parts based of flow structure visual diagnostics allows to reduce noise and vibration, as well as to solve other problems.

В рамках выполнения комплексного проекта «Комплекс 4М» компанией «Микран» был разработан ряд высокотехнологичного оборудования для характеризации пассивных и активных СВЧ-устройств с диапазоном рабочих частот до 50 ГГц. Представлены основные особенности, опциональный план и возможности одного из них - многофункционального измерительного СВЧ-прибора «векторный анализатор цепей» (ВАЦ) серии «Панорама». Рассмотрены возможности измерения параметров СВЧ-узлов и блоков в коаксиальном и волноводном трактах, а также измерения параметров на пластине, в т. ч. измерения с преобразованием по частоте, измерения коэффициента шума, применение функции встраивания/исключения цепей для переноса плоскости калибровки и многопортовые измерения с применением расширителей портов М426/М826 производства компании «Микран». Также представлены типы калибровок, реализованные в ВАЦ серии «Панорама».

A methodological approach based on using system analysis is suggested to increase the effectiveness and ecological safety of operating complex energy-technological systems. The approach involves identifying the actual mechanism of functioning of an energy conversion system and building an adequate model of developing complex physico-chemical processes and technologies comprising the system. In the study, the concept of an energy conversion system is defined as a multitude of its elements – technologies, physico-chemical and chemical technology processes, and their separate stages united by common rules and interaction algorithms, which impart to the system as whole new qualities that are absent in each of its elements. Such an approach allows accounting for the entire multitude of technologies and processes, on which the functioning is based.Keywords: large system, correlation analysis, hydrocavitation activation, energy conversion