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Purpose. The purpose of our research is to reveal the main forms of violation of the rights of minors in the Soviet period. Method. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of theoretical and source material and further formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. During the research, the principles of objectivity and systematicity were used, as well as general scientific, special-legal and special-historical methods of scientific knowledge: analysis, synthesis, comparative, functional-legal, system-historical. Results. In our opinion, the key reasons for the development and spread of child homelessness in the first post-war decade in the Ukrainian SSR were: the consequences of the Second World War; specifics of state policy; social instability; difficult financial situation of the population; crisis of the family and the system of family values. In the late 1920s and 1930s, numerous special settlements were created in Siberia. In May 1930 alone, more than 56,000 people were evicted to the Urals. Mortality and injury rates were high among deportees and prisoners, especially among minors. The scale of the violation of the rights of minors increased in the conditions of the Second World War, when both mortality and deportation processes were high. It has been proven that the norm of the Soviet legislation regarding the extension of the norms of criminal law to persons over the age of 12 can be considered a real crime. Scientific novelty. A historical and legal retrospective of the implementation of the Soviet policy in relation to minors, in particular orphans and homeless children, was carried out. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

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Purpose. The purpose of the publication is the analysis and systematization of the main normative legal acts of Ukraine, which determine and regulate the state policy in the field of national and patriotic education. Method. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific, special scientific and historical methods, as well as the principles of historicism and objectivity. Results. It was established that as of the beginning of 2023, more than two dozen legal acts regulating the procedure of national-patriotic education are in force. It is significant that the lion's share of them are Presidential Decrees. It is important that certain normative legal acts were adopted after 2014 and are a direct reaction to the occupation of Crimea and military actions in the East of Ukraine. According to content and object of influence, they can be divided into several blocks: 1) laws determining the legal status of state symbols, in particular the national language; 2) laws and decrees on the celebration of certain memorable dates from national history and honoring the victims of totalitarian regimes, military conflicts, etc.; 3) state strategies of national-patriotic education and relevant presidential decrees or government programs regarding their implementation; 4) laws emphasizing the educational component, the role of educational institutions, and even the personal responsibility of pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical workers for the implementation of national-patriotic education. Scientific novelty. It is proposed that the improvement of state policy in the field of national-patriotic education can be achieved through: the commitment of scientists, representatives of local self-government bodies, and government officials to the process of forming a single categorical and conceptual apparatus, which will become a road map and allow streamlining measures for national-patriotic education; due to the development of the level of legal culture of the population, strengthened information policy; diversification of approaches to the organization of national-patriotic education, and activation of the participation of mass media, representatives of culture, cinematography, music, show business, study and implementation of international experience regarding the implementation of responsibility for denigrating the importance of national culture, history, traditions of state-building; consideration of the issue of national-patriotic education as an element of national security. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in further legal studies, work of local and state authorities, which are responsible for the implementation of state policy in the field of national-patriotic education.

The aim of the article was to consider the peculiarities of the notarial practice of declaring will in civil transactions in the countries of the European Union EU, in view of the further adaptation of positive practices in Ukraine. The main methodological tools used in the research were the methods of observation and comparison. The conducted research showed that the European Regulation regulating the matter established the legal basis for the use of electronic trust services in notarial practice. The use of qualified electronic signatures and seals, electronic time stamps and authentication in this area gives confidence in a higher level of document security. The use of electronic ID and electronic trust services also simplifies time-consuming formalities in notarial practice. It was found that integrated video conferencing systems, business process workflows and electronic legal signature systems are becoming mandatory components of the digitization of notarial practice. Gaya, a European program for electronic identification, can be an example for the implementation of conditions for the current notarial practice of declaration of will in civil transactions in Ukraine.