Аbstract. As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, the observed increase in mental health issues requires more and more clinical attention. Mental disorders have become a major cause for disturbances in social adjustment, primarily due to disorders that fall into three clusters: prolonged fatigue (asthenia) with cognitive impairment; anxiety disorders with sleep disorders; and depression. The last two are also found in individuals who have not contracted SARS-CoV-2; they are seen as a result of their exposure to the stress of the pandemic. Therefore, to successfully manage the consequences of the pandemic, it is necessary to develop a cohesive clinical interpretation of mental disorders related to COVID-19 infection. Our proposed model would encompass all the above manifestations as follows: а) for the general population – by the triad of ‘nosogenic reactions’ with excessive (hyper-), normal (normo-) or ignoring (hyponosognostic) psychological responses to stress related to the semantics and individual significance of the SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis (nosos); b) for long COVID – by the biopsychosocial model as a typical combination of neurotoxic asthenia with cognitive impairment (Bonhoeffer’s neurobiological factor) that exacerbates ‘nosogenic’ anxiety and sleep disorders (psychological factor) and thus provokes a depressive response (as a social maladaptive factor)

Annotation. Among the various destructive phenomena that negatively affect the harmony of an individual's life, the issue of overcoming the feeling of inferiority takes on special importance. The study of this phenomenon among the population of Ukraine in the modern conditions of martial law and the COVID-19 pandemic is extremely relevant. The aim of the study is to translate, adapt and validate the questionnaire "Comparative Feeling of Inferiority Index", as well as to determine the feeling of inferiority index among student youth with its help. The following descriptive and analytical statistics methods were used in the research: arithmetic mean with standard square deviation (М±SD), percentages with error (Р±m, %), Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α-coefficient), correlation according to Spearman's rank (R). Within the framework of the research, a verified translation of the questionnaire into Ukrainian was carried out for the first time with adaptation of the terminology to the specifics of the language. Pilot testing of the translated questionnaire and repeated re-testing with the same participants was conducted, which proved excellent reliability and diagnostic discriminative ability of the method (R=0.74, p<0.001). The questionnaire was tested on a representative sample (n=612) involving students of higher education institutions of Lviv. The conducted testing proved the validity and high level of reliability of the translated questionnaire: reliable values of internal consistency estimates were obtained according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient – 0.85 for the assessment of a family member and 0.80 for the self-assessment scale. Also, according to the results of the testing, it was established that 7.03±1.03% of the interviewed students had a feeling of Inferiority, and 11.11±1.27% – a feeling of superiority.

The aim of the study: assessment of the association of psychological determinants of personality (self- efficacy and self-esteem) with phenomenon of self-inferiority. A survey of 612 higher education students in Lviv was conducted in October-November 2021 using three questionnaires: the Comparative Feeling of Inferiority Index, Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale, and Schwarzer’s and Jerusalem’s generalized self-efficacy. Respondents were divided into 3 groups: a group with inferio- rity index of self-inferiority phenomenon, a group with superiority index of self-inferiority phenom- enon and a group with an absence of the phenomenon of altered self-esteem (Norma). For each of these three groups, the level of self-esteem and self-efficacy was determined, and then a comparative analysis was conducted between the groups. The research found that the respondents from the group with an index of superiority had reliably (p = 0.04) the lowest median value of self-efficacy (28 [25; 32] points) compared to groups with an absence of the phenomenon of changed self-esteem (Norma) (30 [27; 34] points) and with an index of inferiority (31 [28; 33] points). The obtained value in individuals with a sense of superiority corresponds to the “average” level of self-efficacy, which is an order of magnitude lower than in the groups with a sense of fulfillment and with an index of inferiority, where the level of self-efficacy is interpreted as “above average”. Respondents with an absence of the phenomenon of altered self-esteem (Norma) had the highest median value of self-esteem — 22 points [18; 25], which is interpreted as an average level of self-esteem. On the other hand, the values of self-esteem indicators corresponded to a low level of self-esteem in indi- viduals from the group with an index of inferiority) — 19 [17; 24] points. The lowest self-esteem indicators were in the group with an index of superiority — 18 [15.75; 22] points, which also corresponds to a low level of self-esteem, and is significantly lower compared to the group with an absence of the phenomenon of altered self-esteem (Norma). Being non-pathological in nature, the phenomenon of self-inferiority can become a psychopathologi- cal phenomenon under the conditions when a person is overwhelmed by the experience of inadequacy and inefficacy to such an extent that it does not stimulate productive activity, but makes them incapable of development and prone to regressive reactions. Therefore, the study of feeling of inferiority requires further scientific research of a diverse nature.