Кандидат технических наук, доцент Кафедра процессов и оборудования перерабатывающих и пищевых производств им. проф. П. С. Берника Винницкий национальный аграрный университет ул. Солнечная, 3, г. Винница,

No abstract

The paper reviews the state of research of wave processes in hydraulic systems of machines, and their impact on the quality and stability of hydraulic drives. As noted in the works of previous researchers, these phenomena occur in hydraulic systems and adversely affect the quality and stability of their work, significantly reducing reliability. The method of construction of mathematical models is offered. A mathematical model of the hydraulic system with two series-connected hydraulic motors is built, taking into account transients. The Runge-Kutta-Feldberg method with automatic change of the integration step was used to solve this model. The application of this method makes it possible to estimate the amplitude and frequency of the pressure wave in real time for each part of the pipeline. As a result of the analysis of the obtained transients it was concluded that at the length of the pressure line in a group hydraulic drive with 2 series-connected hydraulic motors up to 1.5 m, wave processes do not significantly affect the system and in the mathematical model they can be ignored. With the length of the pressure line from 1.5 m to 9 m, the wave processes in the cavity do not affect the stability of the system, although significantly impair the quality of its work. Hydraulic systems with a pressure line length of more than 9 m are not recommended for implementation, because the wave processes in the cavity lead to vibrations and noise in the hydraulic system and require additional measures to eliminate the impact of this phenomenon.

Goal. The effect of fungicides on the dynamics of the activity of peroxidase, catalase (CAT) and chlorophyll content in lupine plants during seed dressing has been established. Methods. Laboratory and vegetation researches were conducted in the laboratory of analytical chemistry of pesticides of the Institute of Plant Protection. Yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.), variety Obriy has been grown. The objects of research were fungicides triticonazol (40 g/t) and its combination with prochloraz (120 g/t). Determination of the content of fungicides in plants was carried out using chromatographic methods according to officially approved methods and me­thods developed in the laboratory of analytical chemistry of pesticides. Chlorophyll content and peroxidase activity were measured by colorimetric method, catalase activity — by titrimetric method. Results. According to the research results, the varying sensitivity of the enzymatic system of antioxidant defense (catalase, peroxidase) in response to seed dressing by fungicides was recorded. It showed that on the 10th day after sowing, content of triticonazol in plants was 0.8 mg/kg, and the peroxidase activity was similar to that in untreated plants. Subsequently, against the background of a decrease in the content of the active substance, a gradual activation of the enzyme was observed. Catalase activity also gradually increased beginning from the 14th day, and on the 30th day it exceeded the corresponding control indicator by 40%. When using a combination of triticonazol with prochloraz, the disturbance in the balance of peroxidase catalase was more significant. However, by the phase of 7—8 leaves, with a minimal total content of fungicides (0.38 mg/kg), the enzyme activity approached the control level, which is associated with the restoration of plant homeostasis and the formation of its adaptive potential under stress conditions. The stimulating effect of these fungicides on chlorophyll content at the initial growth stages of lupine was established. The chlorophyll concentration in fungicides-treated plants exceeded the control indicator by 11—29%. Conclusions. The use of systemic triazole fungicides to protect seedlings, improves the photosynthetic activity of plants and at the same time acts as a stress factor that activates protecting enzymes (catalase, peroxidase), which trigger the development of protective adaptive reactions of plants.

Ensuring the efficiency of the use of nutrients of grain, protein, vitamin and mineral feeds in the composition of complete feed mixtures in animal husbandry and crop production, as well as the corresponding reduction in the cost of manufacturing of these products, is the relevance of the presented research and prospects for their development. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to substantiate the effective regime parameters for the preparation of premixes of feed mixtures based on the assessment of the energy parameters of the vibration mixing process. This assessment was carried out by comparing the results of applying vibration, blade, and vibroblade technological operations. Under the conditions of low-frequency vibrations, a decrease in the working resistance of the loosened layer of the mixture is observed, which provided the effect of reducing energy consumption in this process. Therefore, in comparison with conventional vibrating mixers have a higher specific productivity of 5-6 times, provide a reduction in the mixing time by 2-3 times, metal consumption – by 17%, energy consumption – by 30%, capital costs for manufacturing – by 18%, and drive power – by 30-35%, which leads to a reduction in total energy consumption by 3-4 times. As a result, the zone of minimal energy consumption was substantiated, in which the reduction of the resistance of the technological medium allowed radically reducing the friction forces during mixing, while ensuring uniform distribution with the concentration of the components of the mixture required by technological requirements. An increase in the oscillation amplitude is accompanied by a quadratic increase in power consumption, which is conditioned by an increase in energy dissipation in the mass of the mixture in the form of heat. The implementation of reasonable operating mixing modes allowed reducing the energy consumption of the proposed vibro-blade mixing by 2.0-2.5 times compared to conventional blade processing. The practical value of these developments includes the use of vibro-blade working bodies and the vibration-free operation of the drive shaft, which, together with the minimisation of energy consumption for the process, reduces dynamic loads on the support units of the developed mixer