No abstract

The shredder is the main and most energy-consuming unit of any forage harvester. Its design determines the technological scheme of the machine and the location of its main joints. Pull-type and self-propelled forage harvesters are equipped with disc and drum shredders, which have become widespread. Beater-knife cutters are installed on balers. In general, the work which is done on grinding the grass mass includes grinding (compression, cutting, friction), transportation of leaf mass, as well as the cost of idle motion of the working parts. A characteristic feature of the bither-knife apparatus under the study is the use of active disc knives, which cut a portion of the leaf mass. Therefore, the determination of the moment of friction forces on the side surfaces of the disk knife of the shredder is important for an objective assessment of the energy density of the process of grinding the grass mass. The object of the study was the process of transporting the cut portion of the grass mass with the fingers of the feed rotor through the disc knives in the forming channel of the biter-knife shredder. The purpose of the work was to establish the analytical dependences of the moment and the work on the friction forces of the grass mass on the side surface of the disk knife of the biter-knife shredder. The task of the work was: to analyze researches and publications on cutting the material (soil, plant debris, plant stems) with a disk knife and their interaction during the process; to determine the area of the part of the disc knife that is in direct contact with the grass mass; to establish the total force of action of the cut layer of the stem mass and the analytical dependences of the torque and work on the force of friction of the grass mass on the side surface of the disk knife of the shredder. The research methodology was based on the analysis of the interaction of the cut portion of the grass mass with the side surface of the disc knives in the formation of channels of the grinding apparatus using the methods of theoretical mechanics. In the work were established the direction of the absolute vector of speed and friction force of the grass mass on the side surface of the disk knife; was determined the area of the surface of the blade disk bounded by the bottom of the shredder and the blade of the knife and the area (6) of the part of the disk knife that is in direct contact with the grass; was established the total force (7) of action of the cut layer of the stem mass. The analytical dependences of the torque (9) and work (10) on the friction force of the grass mass on the side surface of the disc knife of the shredder are given. It is established that the coefficient of friction of the movement while harvesting lucerne for soliage with a humidity of 45-55% depending on the speed og rotation and pressure on the side surface of the knife takes the magnitude within the limits of fд = 0,25 – 0,55.

Scientific and technological progress today allows the widespread use of modern technologies in agriculture in the planning and use of agricultural technologies. Such technologies are the use of unmanned aerial vehicles as well. Now they allow to collect information about the field, make an orthophoto of the field, monitor crops and its condition at different stages of plant development, perform cartography, monitor the normalized vegetation index, spray plant protection products to control pests and diseases or make a trichogram. The object of research in this article is the process of preparation, adjustment, planning of flight missions and the use of unmanned aerial vehicle AgrasT16 for spraying work sites. The aim of the research is the effective use of the Agras T16 drone from DJI by substantiating the main measures for the timeliness and correctness of its preparation for work, setting the specified operating parameters, planning missions and calculating its productivity. The objectives of the work: to analyze the existing research on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in Ukraine for agricultural purposes; to establish design features of the drone; to find out the basic settings and flight planning; to establish the productivity of the drone on spraying and to substantiate measures and ways of its effective use. The methods of research include the method of cognitive activity and methods of analysis and synthesis of both information from official sources and information from the works of other researchers. The scientific work deals with the different design and technical features of the Agras T16 hexacopter from the previous generation models. The practical aspects of its use in spraying, preparation for work, adjustment, selection of the necessary mode of operation, planning of fields and flight missions by means of the remote control and work with the charging station have been substantiated. The main features of different modes of its operation Manual Operation, Manual Plus, A-B Route Operation, Route Operation, which will allow you to solve various tasks have been highlighted. Particular attention has been paid to the methods of field flight planning (routes) of the drone, setting up the spray system, calibration of the compass and nozzles. According to the results of theoretical research, the productivity of the drone per hour of variable time has been established, which amounted to 8.8 ha/h. The measures to reduce unproductive time spent when spraying Agras T16 work areas have been substantiated.

No abstract

Stem plant materials, as a common lignocellulosic raw material, are widely used both in agro-industrial production and in biofuel technologies. One of the main technological operations when using stem plant materials is grinding. The performed studies are dedicated to determining the influence of raw material moisture on the efficiency of grinding plant materials such as wheat straw, rape straw and corn stalks. A hammer grate crusher was used for the research. The diameter of the rotor was 520 mm, the diameter of the sieve holes was 7.25 mm, and the frequency of rotation of the rotor was 1470 rpm. In the upper part of the rotor, four knives are installed on a disk with slots, which preliminarily destroy the raw materials. Raw materials obtained after grinding were analysed using a sieve classifier. Grinding quality was assessed by the weighted average particle size. Experiments were conducted with wheat straw, rape straw and corn stalks with moisture obtained during crop harvesting, as well as additionally dried. Each type of raw material had three levels of moisture, and the repetition of the experiments was threefold. The moisture limits for each crop were individual and ranged from 8 to 30%. When analysing the results of the experiment, mathematical dependencies were obtained that describe the change in the weighted average length of the crushed raw material in the form of linear functions. It was established that when grinding wheat straw, rape straw, and corn stalks with a hammer crusher, an increase in their moisture content within the range of 8-30% leads to an increase in the weighted average length of particles from 1.6 to 2.4 mm, and the coefficient of determination of linear models of the influence of moisture on the change in weighted average length is in the range of 0.68-0.96.