The article is devoted to the consideration of the key features of e-learning formation and development in the Higher Education Institutions of Ukraine in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Based on the study of legal documents (Law of Ukraine "On Education", Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education") operating in Ukraine in the education field, the authors defined key forms of education. It was found that there is a terminological confusion in the definition and differentiation of the two concepts -distant and e-learning. Today in Ukraine, there is a hybridization of educational models and forms that leads to the dominance of a mixed form of education, which involves a combination of traditional (classroom) forms of organizing the educational process and a gradual transfer of educational activities to the virtual educational environment through the use of e-learning technologies. The article presents the sociological research results devoted to the study of the state and development of distance educational technologies in Ukraine. The research was conducted from June 2020 to April 2021 supported by the Council of Young Scientists at the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and NGO "Innovative University". The interpretation of the research results allowed the possibility to identify opportunities, advantages and disadvantages of e-learning. Analysis of the survey results 1 An empirical study examining the e-learning institutionalization in Ukrainian HEIs. Prepared on the basis of an unpublished Ph.D. thesis.

The age of global risks and changes that have come into play where stable development used to be a norm and the era of postmodernism, as a possibility of the multiplicity of meanings and solutions, determine the vectors of human development in the 21st century. Human society is undergoing changes, digital technologies are increasingly penetrating various domains of life, and it has become clear, they are here to stay because they are already changing life itself. The postmodern generation, consumed by "virtual reality", sees the world differently. They need knowledge different from what previous generations used where knowledge itself requires new methods of education. With all positive and negative implications, the e-learning format has established itself as a viable education option in times of the world pandemic. The way this learning format transforms the higher education system is irrevocable. Thus, an increasing number of universities are integrating online and personalized components into their courses. However, the role of the teacher remains invariably important. Although methods and format of their work may adjust and alter, it is the teacher who passes on human experience, imbues knowledge with emotional coloring and encourages reflection and reasoning. Therefore, the e-learning system rests on two factors, namely, the presence on the Internet and the development of student-teacher relations. All available research and resources are currently aimed at improving technical capabilities, whereas the "student-learner" system needs to be reconsidered. It will not be destroyed in the new conditions, rather transformed into new forms.

Покриття на сталі У10А, одержані з трикомпонентних насичувальних сумішей за участю Ti, V, Cr, з максимальною мікротвердістю і товщиною, які були оптимізовані методом симплексних ґратниць Шеффе, було дос-ліджено методом м'якої рентґенівської спектроскопії. Досліджено міжа-томову взаємодію по товщині покриттів типу TiС і (Ti,V,Сr)C на сталі У10А . Показано, що максимальна кількість вуглецю в покриттях типу TiС і (Тi,V,Сr)C знаходиться відповідно в зовнішніх і центральних зонах. Зниження кількости вуглецю в покритті (Тi,V,Сr)С, в порівнянні з пок-риттям TiС, знаходить відображення в істотному звуженні TiL  -смуг в області енергій spd-гібридних зв'язків. Взаємодія титану і заліза в центральних і внутрішніх зонах карбідного шару відображається в ТiL  -смугах. Крім того, невеликі відмінності в положеннях довгохвильового контуру СK  -смуг від поверхні і внутрішньої зони покриття (Ti,V,Сr)C пов'язані з невеликим зменшенням вмісту вуглецю в цій зоні в порівнян-ні з поверхнею. При цьому слід зазначити, що вміст вуглецю у внутрішніх зонах покриття (Ti,V,Сr)С у порівнянні з поверхневою і центральною зо-нами, як і для покриття TiС, виявляється мінімальним. У центральних і внутрішніх зонах покриттів формуються зв'язки Тi-Fe-С, що проявля-ється в приферміївському напливі TiL  -і СK  -смуг. Ці ефекти проявля-ють себе навіть в разі зведення всіх СK  -смуг в однаковій інтенсивності. При переході до центральних і внутрішніх зон карбідного покриття вста-

The article is devoted to the matter of the interconnection of social services and the image of their recipients. Among the latter, special attention is paid by scientists and practitioners to elderly people in an ageing population. The authors promote awareness of the importance of the social work principles with the elderly and its compliance with spectrum, level, and hierarchy of their social needs. The range of needs of the elderly people, which are met through social services, is constantly expanding; conditions and approaches to their typology and satisfaction are also changing. The authors offered to consider the image of the elderly people in a deeper sociological dimension: through the views of experts in social work about this group of social service recipients. During the expert survey, conducted by the authors among specialists of the territorial centres of social services for the city of Kharkiv and Kharkiv region inhabitants, it was revealed that the image of the elderly people is fixed through the emotional perception; the idea of what is missing for the elderly people (their needs that are not satisfied); associations that appear towards them as a problem group. Elderly people at the social work professionals’ emotional level (regardless of their gender, age, signs, educational potential, accommodation) bring out mostly positive emotions, setting them up to perform their professional duties. Differences in the views of experts on the needs of elderly people are due mainly to a spatial factor – a place of residence. It is shown that the views of social work specialists about the image of their clients are formed based on the acquired in the process of professional activity, specific sensory impressions about the elderly. The authors determined the requirements for the views of social work specialists about the elderly. The latter must correspond to the triad: to be creative, critical and productive. The creative imagination of social work specialists is in demand, which involves their independent creation of new images of the elderly people as recipients of social services depending on the specific time, life situation and personal strategies of social participation/social exclusion of the elderly.

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