Introduction: Patients with lung cancer receive treatment according to National Cancer Comprehensive Network (NCCN) standards. However, disease recurrence is reported in about 30% of patients during the first five years. Our study aimed to establish independent predictors of lung cancer recurrence. Material and methods: 104 patients with definitive treatment for nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma receiving standard adjuvant chemotherapy in the period 2014-2018 in our cancer center were retrospectively reviewed. The prognostic significance of five routine immunohistochemical (IHC) markers was examined. Results: During the follow-up period disease recurrence occurred in 42 (40.4%) of the 104 enrolled patients. The median recurrence-free survival was 56.3 months, range 4-84.0 months (95% CI = 46.866-65.683). The recurrence-free survival rate was 58.8%. The frequencies of locoregional recurrence, lung recurrence, kidney, bone, lymph nodes of the neck, liver, and brain recurrence were 23.8%,

Introduction Thyroid cancer (TC) demonstrates steady growth in incidence worldwide and remains an urgent problem in oncology. The detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) with a selective dye and further histological examination in selecting the proper (personalized) surgical strategy and the volume of surgical intervention for clinically undetermined regional lymph nodes. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intraoperative detection of SLN with a 1% toluidine blue aqueous solution. Material and methods The significant tasks are to identify the pattern of TC metastases to cervical lymph nodes, to establish the prevalence of “skip” metastases, to compare the frequency of complications after total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection and lateral neck dissection with total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection, and to determine the feasibility of the application of lateral neck dissections in patients with papillary and follicular TC without metastases to regional lymph nodes (according to physical examination and ultrasound). Results According to our data the SLN identification rate was 97.6%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and frequency of false negative and false positive results was 89.2, 94.6, 88.03, 95.16, 10.8, and 5.4%, respectively. The most common metastasis was in the central neck compartment (83.7%). Skip metastases were determined in 4.9% of patients. Conclusions The low prevalence of “skip” metastases and a significant risk of postoperative complications (wound exudation, lymphorrhagia, inflammation, hypoparathyroidism, paresis of the vocal cords) support the idea that lateral neck dissection is appropriate only in cases of confirmed metastases by physical examination and/or ultrasound at the preoperative stage.

Objective. To study up the possibilities of improvement of the treatment results in patients, suffering an acute pancreatitis, using the method of delivery of antibiotic to pancreatic gland. Materials and methods. The authors have proposed and conducted the experimental investigation on 20 male rats, consisting of the manners to deliver of ceftriaxone towards pancreatic gland. Results. Taking into account the enhances antibacterial efficacy of pancreatic gland homogenate, than while antibiotic delivery using other methods, there appear that lymphotropic therapy owes a targeted character and must be considered a perspective one. Conclusion. To three groups of laboratory animals ceftriaxone was prescribed intramuscularly, intraperitoneally and in accordance to lymphotropic method. To the control group of laboratory animals, the fourth one, antibiotic, was not applied. The zone growth retardation for E. Coli, while application of lymphotropic method, comparing with intramuscular and intraperitoneal methods of the preparation delivery, was enhanced.

Background Efficient presentation of mutant peptide fragments by the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) genes is necessary for immune-mediated killing of cancer cells. According to recent reports, patient HLA-I genotypes can impact the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, and the somatic loss of HLA-I heterozygosity has been established as a factor in immune evasion. While global deregulated expression of HLA-I has also been reported in different tumor types, the role of HLA-I allele-specific expression loss — that is, the preferential RNA expression loss of specific HLA-I alleles — has not been fully characterized in cancer. Methods Here, we use RNA and whole-exome sequencing data to quantify HLA-I allele-specific expression (ASE) in cancer using our novel method arcasHLA-quant. Results We show that HLA-I ASE loss in at least one of the three HLA-I genes is a pervasive phenomenon across TCGA tumor types. In pancreatic adenocarcinoma, tumor-specific HLA-I ASE loss is associated with decreased overall survival specifically in the basal-like subtype, a finding that we validated in an independent cohort through laser-capture microdissection. Additionally, we show that HLA-I ASE loss is associated with poor immunotherapy outcomes in metastatic melanoma through retrospective analyses. Conclusions Together, our results highlight the prevalence of HLA-I ASE loss and provide initial evidence of its clinical significance in cancer prognosis and immunotherapy treatment.

Pathological biomineralization can be found in some gallbladder (GB) diseases such as chronic calculous cholecystitis (CCCh), gallbladder cancer (GBC) and porcelain gallbladder (PGB).The aim of the work was to analyze the morphology of pathological biomineralization in GB tissue in CCCh, GBC and PGB.Five cases of PGB, 10 samples of CCCh and 5 cases of GBC with biomineralization were selected for this study. All samples were examined by histology, histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray diffraction.The X-ray diffraction of mineral deposits of PGB wall and GB concretions revealed their different mineral composition. All PGB and GBC samples had the presence of hydroxyapatite. Calcium-containing GB concretions were composed of calcium carbonate with the presence of trace amounts of other calcium phosphate phases (vaterite, dolomite).We did not find cancer in all PGB cases. The different crystal phases of biominerals were found in the wall (PGB and GBC) and in the GB cavity (CCCh) during pathology development. The difference between mineral content of biominerals can be caused by various conditions and mechanisms of their formation.