The subject matter of study in this article is ways to build systems for remote laying of communication lines and solve the problem of their implementation. The goal is to simplify the process of developing robotic systems to solve applied problems. The tasks to be solved are to consider technologies of laying and to define the role of the robotic decisions used in them; consider and analyze existing compact solutions; consider existing tools and kits for rapid creation and testing of electromechanical systems; describe the features of conceptual and practical implementations of the system. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The existing methods and equipment for laying communication lines are analyzed. The types of lines placement according to the method and working conditions is considered. Standard equipment and experimental or less common equipment samples are analyzed. The results of a comparative analysis of the currently most well-known robotic solutions used to automate the placement of communications are presented. The existing robotic compact solutions the functionality of which is similar to the object of research are considered in detail. Three devices from various manufacturers designed to perform specialized tasks and has similar specificity of work including the need to move in confined spaces in the vertical and horizontal directions and deliver a payload to the destination are considered. The key differences in the considered devices including modular architecture, simplification of the electrical component of the system due to the frame, adaptability, and adaptability of the device to various environmental conditions are given. The quantitative characteristics of the devices such as the speed of movement, the size of the device itself, and its weight are analyzed. A technological stack that allows the rapid prototyping of a system with similar functions is considered and analyzed. The results of the classification of three sets for the rapid construction of a digital system with an indication of their advantages and disadvantages are given. The qualitative characteristics of development tools such as the prevalence of components, the complexity of use, and their cost are analyzed. An approach for the fast construction of a digital system based on modular reprogrammable components is proposed. Conclusions. The areas of application of existing solutions, the way of their implementation, and unique features that can be useful in solving the problem of placement of communications are considered. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: a unique architecture of a robot for placement of communication lines with movable segments for movement in space is proposed; a set of programmable modules as part of the developed system is presented. The process of choosing electronic components for building a system is discussed. A digital interface for interacting components and the robot as a whole is described. The possibility of reprogramming the developed robot to restore its working capacity is devised.

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The subject of study in this article is a method for remote diagnostics, reprogramming and reconfiguration of nodes of embedded and small-sized systems. The goal is to increase the reliability characteristics of systems built on the basis of microprocessor solutions. The task is: to consider the existing methods of communication of the MC set in the system with the possibility of specifying the requirements; consider and analyze the existing means of remote reprogramming of individual MCs as part of the target system; to consider methods of adding redundancy to the MC connection scheme for the possibility of reconfiguration; describe the elements of the method and sequence of development of systems that provide for the possibility of remote diagnostics, reprogramming and reconfiguration of their individual nodes. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The existing methods and equipment for communication of the MC set are analyzed. Possible technical solutions and theoretical foundations of intra-system reprogramming of system nodes based on MK are analyzed. The technical properties of one of the available industrial technologies, which contain crystals and development media, are presented, with the aim of finding properties that will allow expanding the capabilities of the created systems in terms of increasing reliability and energy efficiency. It is proposed to use a modified bootloader to organize the possibility of communication and reprogramming over one communication line. A set of steps is proposed for finding options for building a circuit with hardware redundancy. Conclusions. The idea of reprogramming and diagnostics of system nodes along one line using ready-made industrial components (COTS) based on microcontrollers and development tools is proposed, which makes it possible to make their development cheaper. The proposed elements of the method of remote diagnostics, reprogramming and reconfiguration of individual nodes of the built-in system based on MC. A practical example of the implementation of the concepts discussed in the article, including its reconfiguration, is presented; a diagram of the device before and after its reconfiguration is given. The practical significance of this research lies in the possibility of building and configuring a system from many separate nodes based on microcontrollers.