In the article, mathematical modeling methods are used to study the main trends and macroeconomic determinants of the electric car market development in 2011-2018 on the example of the US. The determinants include economic (GDP), socioeconomic (household income), energy (electricity use), and environmental (СО 2 emissions) factors. The authors justify the role of electric transport in strengthening national energy security due to the transition to renewable energy technologies and the reduction of fossil fuel use. Based on the constructed linear regression equations, a weak relationship has been revealed between the number of electric vehicles sold and the environmental factor, which can be explained by the small share of electric cars in the US market. The formed multifactor linear model showed a positive impact of both the country's GDP growth and electricity consumption increase on the number of electric vehicles sold. However, the rise in household incomes negatively influences market development due to insufficient consumer awareness of the electric transport operation benefits, an underdeveloped network of electric vehicle charging stations, etc. Based on the obtained multifactor model, the authors have built optimistic, optimal and pessimistic scenarios for the US electric vehicle market deployment for the next five years. In order to implement the most favorable scenarios, recommendations for market development factors' management have been made. The results of the study can be used to improve public policy in the US transport and energy sectors, as well as in other countries to optimize the fuel and energy balance, strengthen the energy independence of states by developing clean transport and adapting the model to national specifics.

The article is aimed at studying human capital in order to create a model for assessing human capital to achieve higher enterprise efficiency and enhance its competitiveness in the market. The results of scientific and thematic studies on the concept, elements and methods of evaluating human capital have been determined and summarized. It has been determined that the approaches of individual authors, companies and analytical institutions are different, and there is a frequent use of simpler indicators that can be calculated based on the financial statements of companies. In particular, Armstrong notes that there is a difference in how human resource management is theoretically described and how it is applied in practice. The mere replacement of the term “personnel management” with the term “human resource management” does not mean that managers actually apply the main components of the philosophy of human resource management in their approach. From the definition of human capital, it follows that its components are knowledge, experience, skills, talent, competencies, etc. These components simultaneously become the main object of effective management in companies and give names to specific types of management, such as knowledge management, talent management, competent management, anti-crisis management, generation management, etc. The resulting model inherently covers separate blocks for assessing human capital efficiency at two levels, summarizing the theoretical starting points. This is the procedural side of evaluating the effectiveness of the LK itself, which is the central part of the complex approach of the MLK, taking into account its specifics, based on their identification, definition and comparison of opinions about this concept described in the professional literature and other sources. It has been proven that the components of human capital are the main objects of effective management in companies that change the strategic vector aimed at achieving the maximum possible profit, towards creating company value, using non-financial categories. The close relationship between the competitiveness of an enterprise with the use of unique human capital resources has substantiated. A model for evaluating the effectiveness of human capital is proposed in order to increase the competitiveness of an enterprise in the market, taking into account external and internal influencing factors. It has been established that the implementation of measures to assess the effectiveness of human capital can lead to the following effects: a decrease in undesirable turnover of personnel with a high level of human capital, in the development of which funds have already been invested; support of labor motivation of employees through a fairly established remuneration; exchange of knowledge and experience directly related to labor activity, which is a potential opportunity for the stable development of the human capital of the enterprise; improving the image of the enterprise through the introduction of new technologies; creation of a new product based on the results of monitoring competitors’ products and in accordance with modern requirements and customer expectations; positioning the company as a sought-after employer, which is a guarantee of obtaining and retaining qualified personnel.

Due to a number of external uncontrolled factors of negative influence, Ukrainian business entities functioning in the hospitality and tourism business have seen the most severe crisis and depression over the past three years. In order to survive in such conditions and develop the business intensively, Ukrainian business entities must clearly define internal problematic aspects to correct them promptly, as well as the potential opportunities towards which the maximum effort should be directed. The article offers and justifies an approach to assessing the financial and economic security of hospitality and tourism business entities in the complex modern conditions under which the Ukrainian economy is developing. In order to achieve the research goal, the methods of systematization, grouping, and logical generalization were applied.The article systematizes the key aspects of ensuring the financial and economic security for the company's activities that should be followed by its management, describes the structure of an enterprise's financial and economic security, and formulates the concept of financial and economic security for business entities in hospitality and tourism. The paper also specifies the sequence of stages, which would be advisable to follow when managing the financial and economic security of hospitality and tourism enterprises. The authors have summarized the approaches to assessing an enterprise's financial and economic security in modern literature and have grouped the indicators of financial and economic security for hospitality and tourism business enterprises. The study analyzes the dynamics of financial indicators which comprehensively characterize the functioning of temporary accommodation and catering enterprises, as well as economic operators of tourist activity in Ukraine and offers an approach to assessing the financial and economic security of hospitality and tourism business enterprises which base their activities on the innovation potential. The results of the study prove that differentiating and operating the components of hospitality and tourism business operators' innovation potential is expedient and improves their financial and economic security.The practical significance of the obtained results lies in increasing the financial and economic security and innovativeness of hospitality and tourism business enterprises in Ukraine by applying the proposed approach to evaluation as a monitoring tool.

This paper proves that the trend of development of modern transport in the world is to maximize the level of providing the personal use of electric vehicles. This mechanism would also partially solve the environmental problems of mankind. To implement this idea, some global automakers have announced the decision of the full transition of production to electric vehicles. At the same time, for effective functioning of the electric-vehicle market, adequate infrastructure needs to be created. There is a positive trend in the annual growth of the charging-station network in developed countries, that characterizes the charging-station market as dynamic and promising, but mostly chaotic and imbalanced at the regional level.The main hypothesis of the research is about the independence between the level of electric-vehicle market development and networks of charging stations. The object of the study is the Washington (USA) electric-vehicle market, as it is the market segment with the highest development characteristics. To test the hypothesis, the authors provided a multifactor analysis of the local electric-vehicle market and the existing charging infrastructure. A comprehensive analysis of the electric-vehicle market and the charging-station network in Washington (USA) was performed, and the market characteristics were defined accordingly: the degree of electric-vehicle spread in the regional localities; the level of charging-station-network coverage and concentration; the ratio of electric vehicles to charging stations. Authors identified the tendency of the state location to innovations connected with electric vehicles. Clusterization and recommendations according to the level of development of the electric-vehicle market aimed to balance and grow the total electric-vehicle market and connected infrastructure.

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