Around the industrial cities, the difficult environmental situation is due to the release of pollutants in the atmosphere that contain heavy metals, especially those that are dangerous to the environment, such as cadmium and lead. The increase in the accumulation of pollutant in soils of agricultural land also leads to the use of agrochemicals – pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Under such environmental conditions, it is necessary not only to grow crop production, but also to produce livestock products – milk. The production of environmentally safe, high-quality and competitive on the milk market requires the use of proven technological feeding and animal feeding methods. The selection of the optimal type of feeding of cows reduces the transition of heavy metals into dairy raw materials. In the experiment, it was found that the siln-root-type type of feeding had the smallest transition of Cd and Pb from feed rations into dairy raw materials, the transition factor of cadmium – 0.24, lead – 0.25. The most intense was the migration of Pb from the ration to milk from cows of the first control group with the silo-hinga-co-central type of feeding: the transition factor was 0.39 and Cd was 0.34. A similar situation was observed in cows of the first control groups with males and females feeding type, where the transition factor was 0.36 Cd and 0.34 Pb. The total supply of heavy metals with the diet for different types of feeding practically did not differ. The balancing of dietary rations with the specially developed mineral-vitamin premix “MP-A” contributed to the reduction of the transition of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn into milk, while the highest quality milk was obtained from cows with a haylage type of feeding. As a result of the experiment, it was possible to achieve a positive effect and reduce the content of heavy metals in milk of cows in all farms with different types of feeding animals for optimum quality and safety of milk, which met the requirements of the state standard, which convinces the transition factor, which was in the cows of the second experimental group on Cd 0,09 in animals with a sows-root-type type of feeding; 0.10 – silo-haylage; 0.12 – silage-hay type and 0.15 with silo-haylage-concentrate type, respectively; Pb – 0.01 in cows with a hill-and-hay type of feeding; 0.07 – silo-haylage-concentrate; 0.08 – silo-root crop and 0.09 with silo-hay type respectively; Cu – 0.01 in cows with silo-haylage and silo-root-crop type of feeding; 0.02 with silo-haylage-concentrate and silo-hay type respectively; Zn – 0.05 in animals with males and haylings type of feeding; 0.06 – silo-haylage-concentrate; 0.08 – silo-root crop and 0.010 with silo-hay type, respectively. In the third experimental group of cows, the average transition factor of heavy metals from milk to Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn was 0.04. The use of premix and bio-preparation has reduced the transition of heavy metals from milk to an average of 1.5–4.3 times. Productivity of animals was on average in cows of the second and third experimental groups of 17–22 kg per day compared with the control group – 14 kg. The content of Cd in the milk of dairy cows with a hay-concentrate-feeding type was 0.053 mg/kg in the first control group, in the second experimental group, where the mineral-vitamin premix “MP-A” was additionally fed to 0.024, and in the third, where Subcutaneous injection of biologically active drug “BP-9” was used up to 0.014 mg/kg; Pb from 1.794 mg/kg – to 0.331 and 0.032 mg/kg respectively; Cu from 2.63 mg/kg to 0.34 and 0.35 mg/kg respectively; Zn from 8.74 mg/kg to 4.97 and 3.87 mg/kg, respectively. Feeding cows to antioxidant premix allows approximately 2–2.5 times to reduce the transition from diet to dairy raw materials that are hazardous to animal health and the quality of milk toxicants for any type of feeding. Future studies are aimed at studying the effects of different types of feeding, taking into account the balancing of diets with a special premix for the production of high-quality, environmentally safe milk.
Correlation analysis constitutes an essential method of statistical processing of the obtained scientific research results. Its proper application using special computer software and reliable results allow practically facilitating the work of the veterinary and livestock service in the production of environmentally safe high-quality cow's milk. The purpose of this study is to analyse the correlation between the content of toxic metals Cd and Pb in the blood and milk of cows using the STATISTICA computer software version 10.0. Scientific and economic experiments were conducted on dairy cows with different types of feeding. All animals selected according to the analogue method in terms of live weight and productivity were divided into three groups: the first control group and the second and third experimental groups. The diet included feeds with an excess of heavy metals, especially cadmium and lead. The high biological activity of pollutants affected their migration from the feed of the diet through the gastrointestinal tract to milk. To reduce intoxication of the animal body, premix “MP-A” was introduced into the main diet of cows of the second and third experimental groups, and in the third experimental group – premix “MP-” and injection of the biological product “BP-9”. First, using the Shapiro-Wilk's W test, the study verified the obtained data from laboratory tests of blood and milk for the concentration of toxic metals, the law of “normal” (Gaussian) distribution, and then the necessary Spearman's non-parametric rank correlation coefficient was selected for calculation. The analysis revealed a high correlation between the variables, which was within r=0.82-0.91 (Cd) and r=0.78-0.96 (Pb) with probability (p<0.05) in animals with different types of feeding. The discovered high correlation allows veterinary medicine specialists to quickly apply measures to reduce the toxic load of the body with elements only by analysing blood for cadmium and lead, and timely prevent the production of low-quality dairy raw materials, including using premix and phytobiopreparation tested in the experiment. Further research is aimed at analysing the correlation between other indicators of the quality and environmental safety of milk and feed, constructing regression equations that will practically contribute to the activities of specialists whose task is to ensure the production of high-quality environmentally safe cow's milk
It was proposed to use in the feeding of lactating sows from 2nd till 60th days of suckling period and their piglets from 15th till 75th days of life the combination of humate food additive (0,25 g / kg of mixed foods) with salt form of micro element in the quantity of 25 % of micro element deficit in sow ration (or respectively in piglet dry feeding) plus taste additive (saccharin) (0.2 g / kg of mixed foods). It was proposed to use the same feed additive (without taste additive) in rations of growing gilts from 4.5th till 7.5th month of living.Use of 4 micro elements (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) sum in form of combyhumate with taste additive on the rations of lactating sows and their sucking and weaned piglets permits to decrease the quantity of additionally added micro elements in the rations in 5 times for Fe and in 4 times for Cu, Mn and Zn comparing with the sum of these micro elements in salt form with additional increasing at 95th day age, average data: number of piglets per farrowing by 0.8 piglet, survival ability by 11.2 %, piglet live mass by 3.2 %, live mass of farrowing by 13.0 %, sow milk productivity by 10.9 %, daily gains by 3.4 %. Use of 3 micro elements (Cu, Mn, Zn) sum in combyhumate form (without saccharin) in rations of 4.5th – 7.5th month age gilts permits to decrease the quantity of additionally added micro elements in the rations in 4 times comparing with the sum of these micro elements in salt form with additional increased at 8.5th month age: average live mass by 5.3 %, average daily gains by 10.4 %. After the 1st farrowing average reproductive parameters at 60th day age increased comparing with control: number of piglets/farrowing by 9.9 %, survival ability by 5.7 %, sow milk productivity by 8.5 %, live mass of farrowing by 11.7 %. Key words: pig feeding, micro elements, salts, chelates, combyhumates, taste additives.
Productive action of the combination of humate feed additive with salt forms of micro elements in the quantity of 20 % Cu deficit + 25 % of Mn and Zn deficit (combyhumate form) in basal spring-summer dairy cow ration was more effective than action both the salt form of these micro element sum in the quantity of 100 % of its deficit and the chelate form of these micro element sum in the quantity of 50 % of its deficit. Action of combyhumates in basal autumn-winter dairy cow ration was more effective than both the action of salt form of these micro element sum (100 % of deficit), action of chelate form of these micro element sum (50 % of deficit), action of the sum of these micro elements in chelate form in the quantity of 75 % of micro element deficit + salt form in the quantity of 25 % of micro element deficit (semi chelate form). In more balanced rations increased the average daily milk production by 0.80 kg (on 3.5 %) for standard fat content milk. In autumnwinter rations, average daily milk production increased on 3.52 kg (on 16.4 %) for standard fat content milk, milk fat content by 0.36 %, dry matter content by 0.77 %; average daily milk nutrients synthesis increased for protein by 73.45 g (on 13.6 %), for lactose by 93.77 g (on 9.5 %) for dry matter by 345 g (on 14.5 %), for energy on 14.7 %); food/milk conversion coefficients increased energy by 4.04 %, sum of digestible nutrients by 2.78 %, fat by 3.29 %.In the combined chelate forms of the sum of microelements in the composition of the autumn-winter diets in comparison with the control group an increase in the average daily milk yield with the actual fat content by 1.23 kg (+ 5,8 %) was noted, which in terms of the amount of milk with standard fat content constituted a statistically significant difference in the increase by 3.30 kg (+ 15.3 % p < 0.05).
The production of milk in agro ecosystems that situated around developed industrial centers can be greatly complicated by the pollution of the environment by heavy metals, especially cadmium and lead. Milk producers seek to produce not only ecologically safe, biologically fully validand high-quality milk, but also to achieve the maximum level of productivity of cows for the breed (maximum use of genetic potential of cattle), which in such ecological conditions is extremely diffi cult task. There are situations when the level of food contamination of the diet is insignifi cant and exclude them from the diet. It is very diffi cult toreplace with more qualitative.That’s why it is imperative to create some new simple economically-technologically and economically effi cient methods of production of high-quality, competitive milk market with simultaneous increase in the volume of its production. The market off ers the usage of various reentrants in the experiments of feed supplements, new premixes, and etc. The search for more eff ective means remains relevant and includs sorbents (treads), which, while reducing the load of productive animals with heavy meta-lams, contributed to an increase in average daily milk yields. Biochemical analysis of selected samples of plant and animal origin: feed, blood, internal organs and tissues, urine and milk on the content of macro-, microelements including heavy metals, etc. conducted by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (spectrophotometer AAS-30). The accounting of dairy productivity of cows was carried out on the basis of the decade's control tastes. The purpose of the research is to assess the milk yield of cows fed with high levels of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and the simultaneous use of antidiabetic agents. The complex application of the specially developed, adapted to actual diets of cows’ feeding as antitoxic mineral-vitamin premix MP-A is off ered and checked It was also checkedthe subcutaneous injection of biological active preparation "BP-9" of plant origin for the protection of the cows’ body from the toxic eff ects of heavy metals, in particular, it has been proposed and tested in experiments, such as cadmium and lead. The joint action of premix and biopreparatur increases the excretion of pollutants from the body of cows with urine, reduces their transition to dairy raw materials.That allows to producethe milk that meets domestic and international quality standards, and due to the supremacy of the basic diet with the necessary micro, macro elements, vitamins increases milk productivity on average 1.6 times from 3477–4426 kg to 5697–6899 kg, which provides rent-free production of milk in farms.But it does not allow to realizein full force and eff ect the genetic potential of black and red-spotted dairy breedbreed at 7–9 thousand kg per lactation. Further research is aimed at the development of more eff ective antidote substances, which have contributed to the production of environmentally safe milk and to maximize the use of animal breeding potential. Key words: daily averageyield of milk, premix, bioproduct, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, contaminated feeds, antidote substances.
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