Кафедра акустики та акустоелектроніки acoustic.kpi.ua Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського» kpi.ua Київ, Україна Анотація-Експериментально досліджено ділянку залізничної дороги. Шумові рівня на ділянці склали: еквівалентний-61 дБА, еквівалентний потоку потягів-64 дБА, максимальний-85 дБА. Експеримент проводився в нічний час доби при найбільшій інтенсивності руху потягів. Обрана ділянка була щільно забудована, що унеможливлювало боротьбу з шумом методом лісових насаджень. Було запропоновано встановити колійні амортизатори та прокладок, а також шумозахисних екранів висотою не менше 2м. Виконання даних умов дозволить знизити шум на цій ділянці на 16-20 дБА. (еквівалентний рівень шуму має зменшитись до 41-45 дБА). Ключові слова-акустика; шум; шумозахист; залізниця; шумозахисні екрани.
The problem of increasing the effi ciency of the sonar station by using a sonar antenna with an active acoustic screen is stated. Electrical control of the acoustic properties of such baffl e can provide a wide range of dynamic capabilities of the acoustic antennaand technical implementation due to this in one sonar station of several modes of its operation. Analitical expressions for quantifying the electrical, mechanical and acoustic fi elds of an antenna with a dynamic change in the parameters of the active screen using the method of coupled fi elds in multiconnected domains are obtained. A qualitative analysis of the infl uenceof individual physical factors and their mathematical analogues in the obtained analytical relations on the dynamic properties of fields are carried out.
It is shown that in the dynamic properties of acoustoelectronic devices in the form of a coaxial system including two cylindrical piezoceramic shells with electric excitation of each shell at its resonant frequency, two groups of related properties can be distinguished. The first of them -potentially possible propertiesis determined by these devices design characteristics such as electrophysical parameters of the shells piezoceramics, diameters, thicknesses and resonance frequencies of shells, physical parameters of their filling media. The second group -operatively controlled properties -is formed by their dynamic properties operatively controlled from the electrical side of the devices. By the method of numerical analysis with specific reference on acoustic fields, the regularities of the behavior of potentially possible dynamic properties of such devices for variants of their designs, when the inner shell resonance frequency is less, close or more than the outer shell resonance frequency were established. The quantitative influence of operational dynamic control methods from the electric side of the devices on them was obtained. The physical interpretation of the described dynamic properties causes was given.
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