For finding out the main problems in the financial system of the EU countries, it was madea rapid analysis of its main indicators for nine years, where it was found that its state is unstable. There are identified the main problems of functioning of the EU financial system and it isrevealed the gaps in the explanation of modern economic phenomena by financial science. In order to understand the current financial processes in European countries, it has been developedan immanent-cognitive architecture of the modern economy, with the separation of relevant elements and relations. There are presented the views of foreign and domestic researchers on the use of existing theories of financial content, where it is proved the inconsistency of these theories with present realities. The way out of this situation, in particular to improve the functioning of the EU financial system, is to theoretically justify the vectors of European development with the development of the financial science paradigm. Taking into account the results of the performed analysis of the state of the EU financial system and the inability of current theoretical financial structures to explain the current processes that are formed in the financial system, it is proposed a new paradigm of financial science with the separation of conceptual and categorical apparatus. There are identified three main components of this paradigm. The first one is the method of cognition, which is used a system one, which allows to explore complex public open systems, which one is financial and to form theoretical constructions. The second component is the principles that should contribute to the most comprehensive consideration of all factors of influence and vectors of development of financial science. The third component identifies theoretical provisions, in particular: the formation of directions for the development of the financial system with the separation of its main components; development of a new model of financial system development, which would be aimed at innovative development of economic sectors, budget support of strategically important enterprises; development of theories of financial control over the movement of financial resources; substantiation of direct administrative and financial responsibility of officials of all levels for corruption manifestations.

Introduction. In the current realities of Ukraine, this problem affects all segments of society. The article reflects the peculiarities of the formation, the main consequences of the debt and the directions of its reduction. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the volume, identify the peculiarities of the formation, highlight the consequences and justify ways to reduce Ukraine's public debt. Results. The study focuses on the importance of public debt and its impact on economic development. It is emphasized that one of the significant problems is the significant cost of. The dynamics of public debt of Ukraine during 2014–2020 is analyzed. According to the results of the analysis, the signs of dynamism, currency comparison, proportionality of external and internal debt are determined. The positive and negative consequences of the debt are substantiated with the corresponding argumentation. The essence of the positive consequences is the possibility of maintaining Ukraine's gold and foreign exchange balance at a reliable level in compliance with the necessary settlement standards and promoting the stability of the national currency. In addition, it is important formation of a positive image of Ukraine as a country with a stable financial system. The negative consequences are manifested in the fact that significant amounts of debt cause the allocation of budget funds for its maintenance, which is a burden on the implementation of economic and social programs. Negative processes are also being formed in society, as the conditions for providing the next tranches, especially from the International Monetary Fund, affect social problems and do not always find understanding in large sections of society. Relationships with international creditors, in particular the International Monetary Fund, and governments of other countries were assessed. Proposals for debt reduction have been developed with a recommendation to implement measures for the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, relevant ministries of production and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. Conclusion. The peculiarities of public debt formation are revealed in the work, its influence on the economy of Ukraine is determined and substantiated proposals on reduction of its volumes are developed.

The research delves into the theoretical and practical foundations of household income generation in rural areas of Ukraine. The study clarifies the perspectives of scholars on the challenges involved in the formation of these income resources. The analysis examines the structure of aggregate resources within these households during the period of 2016-2021 and identifies relevant trends. The findings reveal a consistent increase in wages as a component of total cash income, accompanied by a decrease in income from the sale of agricultural products. These trends reflect complex socio-economic processes shaping the income formation of rural households. The research uncovers the specifics of total income formation for individual households based on hierarchical levels within Ukraine’s social system, considering the influence of factors at the national, local, entrepreneurial, and personal levels. At the national level, the study analyzes the application of individual state social standards, noting a continuous increase in these standards, except for one-time financial assistance at childbirth. Different proportions of these standards are observed, such as a 1.68-fold increase in the minimum living wage per person compared to a 4.19-fold increase in the minimum wage and a 3.59-fold increase in assistance to low-income families during the analyzed period. Furthermore, the analysis of local territorial communities’ budget implementation for 2022 reveals that the financial condition of these communities plays a significant role in fostering business development, supporting the social sphere, and creating favorable conditions for increasing household incomes, particularly through infrastructure development. The research also emphasizes the importance of income from self-employment activities, which serves as a variable income source that can significantly supplement existing income based on personal capabilities. Based on the analysis results, the research provides recommendations for achieving stable growth in household incomes in five key directions.

The article is aimed at identifying the scope and features of financial provision for scientific research in the founding countries of the EU – Germany, France and Italy, as well as in new countries – the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. Methodological basis of researches constituted the publications of scholars on this issue, analytical methods, the Eurostat data, and developed scientific approaches. According to the substantiated criteria, the analysis of research costs in terms of total expenses, costs by sector and per person is carried out. The identified features are grouped by common and distinctive characteristics regarding business structures, the public sector and higher education institutions. The dynamics of increasing or reducing these costs for a particular country during 2014–2019 are distinguished. The acyclicity of expenses detected during the specified period in all the analyzed countries by certain sectors is an evidence of a permanent search for the optimal ratio between the subjects of financing and reflects the specifics of the financial policy implemented by governments. Significant results of the study are the definition of a significant role of Germany in financing these costs, the share of which is almost a third of all EU spending, as well as the identification among the analyzed countries of a significant difference in costs between Germany, as the most economically developed EU country, and Slovakia, as the least developed, which makes 141 times. Separately, it is emphasized that the peculiarities of financing the costs are determined by the factors of historical, economic and mental content, which are disclosed with the appropriate substantiation in the article. The conclusions of the completed research are consistent with the views of other scholars whose works are taken into account in this article. A reasoning of the research results is provided and the feasibility of further searches for optimization of research costs is defined.

У статті з’ясовано досвід фінансування освіти в окремих країнах Європейського Союзу та можливість його використання у теперішніх реаліях України. Використовуючи праці зарубіжних та вітчизняних учених, виявлено особливості розвитку освітніх процесів та запропоновано комплексні напрями використання цього досвіду, які включають суб’єктів використання досвіду, нормативно-правову базу, виконання аналізу фінансування освіти у країнах Європейського Союзу та в Україні а також формування схем, моделей впровадження цього досвіду в Україні. Особливий акцент зроблено на порівнянні основних критеріїв фінансування освіти в країнах Європейського Союзу та України.