The aim: Is to determine the features of legal liability for violations in the field of clinical trials of medicine remedies and justification of proposals to strengthen the protection of participants' interests in clinical trials through the use of various types of such liability. Materials and methods: The authors used the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) on medical research, international and national regulations, and publications of scholars in the field of medical law. The research was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach using the methods of dialectical and formal logic, general scientific and special legal research methods. Conclusions: In order to properly ensure the legal protection of public interests, as well as the rights and interests of research subjects and other entities involved in their implementation, the authors argue the need to use different types of legal liability.
This article is devoted to the study of system of forensic investigation of documents as a branch of forensic technology. It is indisputable that illegal actions committed with the use of documents or those in which documents are material evidence constitute a significant percentage of the system of criminal offenses committed in Ukraine. The article uses crime statistics for 2020, summarized by the General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine. An analysis of similar data for previous periods suggests that over the past five years, crimes with the use of documents have increased. In the paper, we substantiated that such an increase is the result of natural scientific and technological progress, the emergence of new types of information and its carriers. That is why, during the investigation of crimes, not only the document is examined as a material carrier of significant information, but also the information itself, expressed in letters, numbers, symbols or other signs. This article defines the essence of the subject of forensic investigation of documents as the activity of authorized bodies and persons to conduct a comprehensive investigation of documents and information that is important for the investigation of a crime or for its prevention. It is pointed out that in the system of domestic forensic investigation of documents are three parts - forensic authorship, handwriting investigation and technical and forensic investigation of documents. At the same time, it was established that the system for examining documents that have criminalistic significance in foreign countries does not contain any evidence of the existence of a division of this type of examination into separate subspecies. As a rule, in foreign countries, the investigation of documents is covered by the concept of forensic examination, but which is carried out by specialized bodies created precisely for this purpose and which have the appropriate powers throughout the country. Sometimes the investigation of documents and information that they contain is the only functional competence of the created bodies or their structural divisions. The article also identifies the forms of international cooperation in the field of forensic documentation and identifies promising directions for the development of this legal institution of forensic science both for science and for the practical activities of law enforcement agencies.
The aim: Determination of features of contractual registration of organizational and legal relations between the subjects involved in carrying out clinical trials of medicinal products; justification of proposals on improvement of law enforcement practice in this field. Materials and methods: This research is based on the analysis of the norms of international law and legislation of particular states, practice of contractual registration of organizational and legal relations between the subjects of clinical trials of medicinal products. The research was carried out using the methods of dialectical and formal logic, general scientific and special legal research methods. Conclusions: Two models of contractual registration of organizational and legal relations between the subjects involved in clinical trials of medicinal products were justified, and law enforcement recommendations for the contractual registration of such relationships, ensuring that the clinical trial is in compliance with international regulations and ethics in this field, were given.
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