The processing of oil refining waste is essential from economic and environmental points of view. An important issue is the processing of soapstock to extract fatty acids, which are raw materials for various industries. The two-stage method of fatty acids obtaining from soapstock using saponification with sodium hydroxide solution and decomposition with sulfuric acid is investigated. The peculiarity of the work is the study of the influence of soapstock saponification conditions on the key efficiency indicators of fatty acid extraction: yield and neutralization number. A sample of soapstock was obtained as a result of alkaline neutralization of sunflower oil. Soapstock quality corresponds to DSTU 5033 (CAS 68952-95-4): mass fraction of total fat – 68.5 %, fatty acids – 62.6 %, neutral fat – 5.9 %. Rational saponification conditions were determined: duration (85 min.) and concentration of sodium hydroxide solution (45 %). After saponification, the soapstock was subjected to decomposition with sulfuric acid under the following conditions: temperature 90 °C, duration 40 min. Under the rational saponification conditions, the yield of fatty acids (91.8 %) and the neutralization number (187.1 mg KOH/g) were determined. The obtained fatty acids correspond to the first-grade fatty acids according to DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7). Acid indicators: mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 1.5 %, mass fraction of total fat – 98.0 %, cleavage depth – 69.2 % oleic acid. The use of the soapstock saponification stage before decomposition leads to an improvement in the quality indicators and an increase in the neutralization number of fatty acids by 4 %, yield – by 16.2 %. The results of the study make it possible to produce fatty acids from soapstock by two-stage technology with high yield and neutralization number

Information and controlling system 49 tools and methods that allow the real-time detection of dangerous conditions of the contaminated atmosphere, as well as preventing their occurrence, in order to prevent disruption of regular human life activities, are of particular relevance. This is due to the need to employ these tools and methods in the information and control systems to monitor and manage security in urban areas experiencing AP, as well as in the elimination of accidents and emergencies related to AP.

The object of this study is the dynamics of hazardous parameters of the gas environment when materials are ignited in the premises. The task addressed was the early detection of fires in the premises. It is proposed to resolve this issue on the basis of using an assessment of the coherence of frequency components in the third-order spectrum relative to the dynamics of hazardous parameters of the gas environment. The results indicate the nonlinear nature of the dynamics of hazardous parameters of the gas environment both in the absence and in the presence of fires. It was established that the assessment of the coherence of the frequency components relative to the considered triplets in the third-order spectrum contains information on the ratio of order to chaos in the dynamics of hazardous parameters of the gas environment. This information can be used to reliably detect fires. It was found that when the test materials in the form of alcohol, paper, wood, and textiles are ignited, the ratio of order to chaos in the temperature and CO dynamics in a gaseous medium is halved. It was established that the average values for frequency indices from 0 to 20 of the coherence of the frequency components of the dynamics of hazardous parameters on the ignition interval of test materials are in the range from +0.005 to –0.187. At the same time, in the interval of absence of ignition of test materials, the average values of the coherence assessment for frequency indices from 0 to 20 are in the range from +0.48 to +0.022. The reported results generally indicate the prospects and further development of studies into the coherence of the frequency components of the third-order spectrum for the dynamics of hazardous parameters of the gas environment in order to detect fires in the premises

6 ger) and a corresponding object of its impact. The world statistics indicate that the annual number of anthropogenic emergencies exceeds the number of annual emergencies of natural and another character by more than three times [1].

The graphical dependence of the washing capacity of ethanol-containing soapstock on the concentration in an aqueous solution and the temperature of interaction with the polluted material has been determined. It is proposed to use a 40 % aqueous solution of ethanol-containing soapstock in the hand cleaning paste technology. This soapstock solution has a washing capacity of 92–98 % at the temperature of interaction with the polluted material of 25–40 °C. The regularity of the effect of the structurant content on the consistency of hand cleaning paste was investigated using an approximating polynomial. This made it possible to substantiate the effective concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (0.4...0.6 %) and cetysltearyl alcohol (1.8...2.0 %) in the formulation. The obtained regression equation is useful for adjusting the content of structurants in the formulation, depending on the consumer's requirements for the viscosity of the developed detergent. A comparison of the quality indicators of the developed hand cleaning paste based on ethanol-containing soapstock with a sample of similar “Primaterra Automotive” commercial hand cleaning paste was carried out. The quality indicators of the developed paste are as follows: effective viscosity at 20...22 °С – 32.0 Pa∙s; foaming capacity – 23 mm, foam stability – 62.0 %; washing ability – 92.0 %. It was determined that these quality indicators do not differ significantly in the developed detergent and commercial analogue. The data obtained indicate the prospects of processing ethanol-containing soapstock into the hand cleaning paste based on natural surfactants. The developed detergent due to the content of ethanol, glycerin and hydrogen peroxide has antiseptic properties, which is a competitive advantage among analogues. Such utilization of ethanol-containing soapstock makes the process of oil neutralization environmentally safe and economically viable