Technology organic and inorganic substances 25 of the results of technological processes is ensured by using adequate mathematical models. At present, there are four directions of thermo-chemical transformations: incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, and thermal modification. Pyrolysis, in turn, is divided into slow and fast. As a rule, independent research is conducted and different mathematical models are used for each direction. In many cases, this approach is due 1. Introduction A wide range of problems associated with the conversion of raw materials into products are solved based on thermo-chemical transformations. The processes of utilization of organic waste are based on such transformations. The possibility of organization of optimal control and prediction
4thermophysical properties, etc. In turn, this causes variation in a wide range of the process parameters subject to control. In such a situation, application of the results obtained by analysis of linear models is very problematic and even unfeasible in most cases.The search for new approaches to analysis of nonlinear models is an important element in solution of the problem of optimal control of power equipment using non-certified fuel of a variable composition. Literature review and problem statementAn effective way to simplify the study of complex models is to make them dimensionless. Reduction of dimensionality of the modeling space makes it possible both to reduce number of experimental (full-scale and numerical) studies by IntroductionWhen studying behavior of control systems, dynamic conditions require special consideration. Apparatus of ordinary differential equations is most often used as a mathematical tool for studying such systems. General methods of solution have only their linear forms. For this reason, linear (linearized) approaches are used to construct models of object and controller. However more exact models are represented by nonlinear differential equations. This situation leads to the fact that the results obtained can only be used within the range of small variation of parameters of the controlled processes nearby the linearization point.The use of fuel of a variable composition [1,2] in power equipment instead of certified fuel with a constant composition brings about a continuous variation of the fuel calorific value, amount of combustion products, their temperature, MATHEMATICS AND CYBERNETICS -APPLIED ASPECTS DEVELOPMENT OF
Запропоновано метод розв'язання задачі визначення невідомого складу газоподібного вуглеводневого палива в процесі його спалювання в режимі реального часу. Задача визначається як зворотна, некоректно поставлена. Спосіб виміру технологічних параметрів дозволяє її деталізувати як складну задачу інтерпретації. Для вирішення цієї задачі обраний метод «бібліотеки» (підбору), який є найбільш універсальним. Для його реалізації розроблено метод формування бібліотеки у вигляді робочого тривимірного масиву. Вихідні дані для кожного рішення прямої задачі в сформованому масиві представлені у вигляді одного числа. Для цього використаний позиційний принцип запису десяткових чисел. При формуванні робочого масиву використаний метод зіставлення коефіцієнта надлишку окиснювача і співвідношення об'ємних витрат окиснювача і пального. Це дозволило використовувати результати розв'язання прямої задачі визначення температури продуктів згоряння для розв'язання оберненої задачі по визначенню цього складу за виміряною температурою. Розроблено метод пошуку рішення серед елементів робочого масиву на основі результатів технологічних вимірів температури продуктів згоряння палива, що спалюється і відношення об'ємних витрат окиснювача і пального. Показано відсутність похибок, що вносяться до рішення алгоритмом пропонованого методу. При моделюванні точних технологічних вимірів похибки обумовлені дискретизацією вихідних даних при вирішенні прямої задачі. Визначено вплив точності вимірювань технологічних параметрів на похибку визначення складу пального. Вона не перевищує допустимої для інженерних розрахунків величини. Запропонований метод розрахунку може дозволити використовувати в керованому режимі в енергетиці і в хімічній промисловості великий обсяг вуглеводневих горючих газів, які вважаються відходами. Їх енергетичний еквівалент порівняємо з енергетичними потребами Африканського континенту Ключові слова: склад палива, зворотна задача, складне завдання інтерпретації, метод обмежень UDC 536.7
4process. But at the same time, its application is cumbersome and covers only particular cases. As a rule, they are confined by the description of the process of heating-cooling the bodies of simple shapes: infinite plate, cylinder, and sphere. Such solutions have been known for a long time, but up to now they have been applied only for a similar kind of processes. Only the object of application has changed in favor of contemporary equipment as, for example, in [3], where the problem on cooling a display is solved. Article [4] examines a process of cooling the plate with an internal heat source. The difference is that the examined plate is a multilayer one. A special feature of paper [5] is the application, instead of the frequently utilized Fourier expansion, the Trefftz functions. In this case, only the approximate solution is obtained. The problem of nonstationary heat transfer is of practical interest and it does not have the analytical solution.Numerical methods are more universal and can be used to solve any problems on heat transfer. From the above enumeration of simple shapes of bodies, a plate appears the most important one. It has two surfaces, which corresponds to the process of heat transfer. Furthermore, for the case of coaxial cylinders (a pipe) at the ratio between outer and inside diameters of d 2 /d 1 <2, heat transfer through the cylindrical wall with an error less than 4 % can be described using the model for a flat wall. Such a relationship of diameters corresponds to the majority of variants of tubular heat exchangers. Heat transfer is predetermined by taking account of the combined processes of heat exchange at the surfaces of a plate. These IntroductionThe use in energy equipment of fuel with variable composition [1, 2] instead of the certified constant formulation leads to an increase in the number of transient modes. A change in calorific fuel capacity, amount of products of combustion, their thermophysical properties predetermines the non-stationary processes of heating-cooling the elements of power equipment design, as well as nonstationary processes of heat transfer through the heat exchange surfaces. As a consequence, in the processes of energy conversion a more important role is played by its variable accumulation -release in all equipment components in contact with the combustion products. The accumulation of energy (heating -cooling) affects inertness in the processes of heat transfer and, therefore, manageability of the process of energy transformations. In turn, the magnitude of energy accumulation is determined by temperature of the elements of design. Thus, determining the non-stationary temperature and, as a result, the nonstationary magnitude of energy accumulation, is an important element in solving the problem on optimal control of power equipment under conditions of using a non-certified fuel of variable composition. Literature review and problem statementAnalytical solution is a reliable and universal means to calculate parameters of the nonstationary heat exchange O ....
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