This study identifies global factors conditioning the global problematic of the direction of social development. Global threats were evaluated and defined as dangerous processes, phenomena, and situations that cause harm to health, safety, well-being, and the lives of all humanity, and require to be eliminated. The essence of global risks was defined. These risks were identified as events or conditions that may cause a significant negative effect for several countries or spheres within a strategic period if they occur. Global problems were conceptualized. These problems were defined as phenomena, matters, and situations that are not completely understandable, interesting, actual, require solving and regulation, and in addition do not have unified solutions. Current global challenges were analysed, defined as strategic guidelines that cause transformational changes and are receiving attention from humanity. Global trends were defined as courses of social development. The composition and role of global actors were described and defined as international organizations, leading states, regional organizations, powerful corporations, institutional investors, large cities, and well-known personalities. Directions of positive courses of social development were developed by means of using the authors' mechanism of solving the global problematics.