Patients suffering from severe dyslipoproteinemia, sometimes combined with elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), and coronary artery disease (CAD) refractory to diet and lipid-lowering drugs have a bad prognosis. Since the introduction of lipoproteinapheresis (LA), and the human monoclonal antibodies (HMA) all severe forms of dyslipoproteinemia can be successfully treated. Different LA systems and HMAs are available which reduce LDL-cholesterol, lipoprotein (a) (Lp (a)), triglycerides and others. There is a strong correlation between dyslipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis. Besides the elimination of other risk factors in severe dyslipoproteinemia therapeutic strategies focus on a drastic reduction of serum lipoproteins.