The genus Helicobacter contains more than 35 species. Helicobacter pylori is the most important in terms of human health. Discovery of these helicobacters gives opportunity to understand the relationship between these bacteria which colonise the animal and human gut and their effect on the host. Infection with Helicobacter spp. and the associated diseases in their hosts allow us to study the pathogenic mechanisms. The potential zoonotic pathway for the transmission of Helicobacter spp. and epidemiology of this genus, deserve more attention to these emerging pathogens.

Background: To identify the prevalence of H. pylori in patients with gastric carcinoma and their first-degree relatives, the possible risks of acquisition of infection and developing of gastric cancer. Methods: We investigated 31 families (total 75 human volunteers) with a family member, diagnosed as a gastric carcinoma patient and their first-degree relatives. Patients were tested forH. pylori stool antigen by "DIAQUICK" H. pylori Stool Cassette-a rapid test for the qualitative detection of H. pylori antigen. A questionnaire for sociodemographic and lifestyle possible risk factors for acquisition of infection and for developing of gastric cancer was completed by 75 people. The statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's test and ANOVA. Results: Fisher's Test shows that smoking (χ 2 = 4.172; р = 0.386), animals at home (χ2 = 0.376; p = 0.871), and diet (χ 2 = 2.166; р = 0.725) are not significantly associated; however, the family history of gastric cancer (χ 2 = 56.886; р = 0.001), level of education of patients (χ 2 = 17.374; р = 0.004) and sex (χ 2 = 6.669; р = 0.039) are significantly associated with the acquisition of infection and the developing of gastric cancer in patients and their first-degree relatives. Conclusion: Concern authorities should develop and implement strategies to improve educational status, basic sanitary facilities, and socioeconomic status to minimize H. pylori infection.