The purpose of the study is to evaluation of peculiarities of complaints, symptoms and clinical manifestations of typical asymptomatic (L43.80) and erosive-ulcerative (L43.82) forms of lichen planus (LP), its manifestations on the oral mucosa, depending on the age and sex of patients. Material and methods. In the present study, 111 patients with OLP were divided into a main clinical group with erosive-ulcerative form of OLP (L43.82, n = 86) and a comparison group with typical asymptomatic form of OLP (L43.80, n = 25) based on the complex of dental examination and simple randomization method. Mann–Whitney and chi-square tests, including Yates' correction, were used to assess the statistical significance of differences between the groups. Results. Patients with the typical asymptomatic form of OLP (L43.80) often had grayish-white, flat papules up to 2 mm in diameter on the unchanged mucosa of the cheeks and dorsal surface of the tongue in the absence of complaints. In the erosive and ulcerative form (L43.82) of OLP, the complaints of pain, intensifying at intake of hard, spicy and hot food, feeling of tightness, roughness, burning, slight dryness prevailed, papules, erosions of irregular or polygonal ulcers were simultaneously observed on swollen, hyperemic mucosa of cheeks, corners of mouth and lateral surface of tongue. The studied pathology prevailed in 81.98% of cases in persons of young working age. Depending on the form of OLP, the intensity of caries according to the CPU index corresponds to a high or very high degree of caries process, the state of oral hygiene according to the OHI-S index of poor or poor hygiene, the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues according to the PMA index of mild or medium degree of inflammation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: thus, the identified features of complaints, symptoms and manifestations of oral mucosal lichen planus should be taken into account by general practitioners when conducting outpatient appointments.

Relevance. Lichen planus is a chronic disease affecting the skin and oral mucosa. There is no exact data on the prevalence of lichen planus, which is due to the late appeal of patients not only to dentists, but also to dermatologists. The aim of this study was to learn some of the features of the clinical manifestations of typical, exudative-hyperemic, erosive-ulcerative and bullous forms of lichen planus on the oral mucosa. Material and methods. In the present study, on the basis of screening examination of patients who applied for dental care in dental clinics and living in the cities of Ufa, Omsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Nahariya, Kazan, we studied some of the clinical features of various forms of lichen planus of the oral mucosa, and the peculiarities of their course. In the course of a comprehensive dental examination, all examined persons were divided into four study groups: 1 clinical group (39.5%) — patients with a typical form, 2 clinical group (25.6%) — patients with exudative-hyperemic form, 3 clinical group (6.9%) — patients with a bullous form, 4 clinical group (27.9%) — with an erosive and ulcerative form of lichen planus. Results. In the course of a comprehensive dental examination, in 39.5% of cases, a typical form of lichen planus was revealed, in 61.3% of cases it was bullous, exudative-hyperemic and erosive-ulcerative forms, with their prevalence in 70.9% of cases in females. The average age of patients diagnosed with a typical form of lichen planus was on average 42.5±3.5 years, exudative-hyperemic form — 48.2±3.8 years, bullous — 49.8±3.6, erosive ulcerative form — 50.6±3.2 years. The duration of development of all studied forms of lichen planus was on average from 4 months to 5 years (the development of the typical form was 1.4±0.4 years, exudative-hyperemic — 2.1±0.8 years, bullous form — 3.9±1.2, and the erosive and ulcerative form — 4.3±1.2 years.

Subject. The data on the clinical features of lichen planus of the oral mucosa in patients undergoing inpatient and outpatient treatment by dentists and dermatovenerologists in the cities of Ufa and Omsk are presented. The goal is to assess the characteristics of clinical manifestations and quality of life in patients with typical, exudative-hyperemic and erosive-ulcerative forms of lichen planus, living in the cities of Ufa and Omsk. Methodology. The study involved 50 patients with an established diagnosis of lichen planus, aged 35 to 65 years (39 women and 11 men). We used such methodological tools as a comprehensive dental, clinical examination, a questionnaire method using a questionnaire to assess the quality of life of patients with diseases of the oral mucosa, as well as a simplified validated version of the OHIP-49-RU questionnaire. Results. A study of the risks of developing lichen planus of the oral mucosa showed that the main factors of its development are stressful situations (36 %) and prosthetics (18 %), aggravation of somatic diseases was noted by 14 %, heredity — 6 %, 26 % of the respondents could not correlate the occurrence of this diseases with the influence of any of the above causative factors. The lowest level of quality of life was in patients with an erosive-ulcerative form of the disease, the total index of which was 27.2 %, which is higher than with typical and exudative-hyperemic forms, by 6.6 and 2.2 %, respectively. Conclusions. The presented data deserve attention as key parameters for the further study of this disease, as well as the study of new diagnostic methods and the development of therapeutic and preventive measures.

Subject. Despite the many pathogenetic links in the lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and oral mucosa, unresolved issues related to their etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and high-quality therapeutic and preventive measures. Among the various pathological processes manifesting on the oral mucosa, recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a chronic disease characterized by the appearance of secondary pathomorphological elements (aphthae) in response to the development of acute proliferative inflammation. The goal is the analysis and systematization of literature data on the problem of damage to the oral mucosa in acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Methodology. Recurrent aphthae of the oral cavity belong to the chronic pathology of the oral mucosa, are characterized by a prolonged course and periodic relapses, which are most often associated with the state of somatic status, including the presence of acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Results. The main pathomorphological element inherent in this pathology is aphtha. Its localization is the mucous membrane of the vestibule of the oral cavity, cheeks, and lateral surface of the tongue, visually oval or round, covered with a dirty white fibrinous coating. Treatment of recurrent aphthae of the oral cavity includes a complex consisting of general systemic therapy of the underlying disease. Local treatment includes the use of antihistamines, immunocorrection, drugs that increase nonspecific hypersensitivity, normalization of cellular metabolism and stimulate nonspecific defense mechanisms, vitamin therapy and physiotherapy methods. Conclusions. This treatment should ultimately be aimed at eliminating not only pain, but also at increasing local immunity factors, combating pathogenic microflora and promoting the epithelization of pathological processes on the oral mucosa. Of great importance in the treatment and prevention of recurrent aphthae is a comprehensive examination of the patient in order to identify risk factors.

Subject. The review which has been carried out allows us to consider the issues of etiopathogenesis of lichen planus and lichenoid lesions of the oral mucosa adapted to the modern classification. The analysis of clinical features must be carried out with an emphasis on differential diagnosis. The aim is to conduct a systematic analysis of modern native and foreign literature sources to determine some features of the etiology and pathogenesis of lichen planus and lichenoid reactions of the oral mucosa, depending on risk factors. Methodology. The search for research papers on the etiology and pathogenesis of this dermatosis was carried out using the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, elibrary.ru, Scopus in the period from 2010 to 2021, and the review includes selected significant publications for the period from 2015 to 2021. The following keywords were used: lichen planus, oral lichenoid lesions, prevalence, clinical symptoms, clinical forms, risk factors. Special attention was paid to articles published in peer-reviewed scientific publications. Research methods used in the analysis process: content and descriptive-analytical analysis. As a result of an electronic search, 74 publications were found. The conducted research has a wide geography: Austria, Australia, Belarus, Great Britain, India, Spain, Italy, Iran, Yemen, China, Korea, Russia, Romania, USA, Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, Taiwan, Thailand, Tehran, Croatia, Scotland, Philadelphia, Japan. Results. Among all the pathological processes that were diagnosed on the oral mucosa, lichen planus occurs on average from 35 to 70% of cases, while only isolated or oral forms are diagnosed on average from 50 to 75% of cases of examinations, the frequency of simultaneous lesions of the mucous membranes and skin is 23-28.6%. The pathogenesis of the studied pathology has significant differences depending on the diagnosed form of lichen planus, or manifestations of lichenoid lesions. Conclusions. In a comprehensive examination of these patients, it is very important to analyze not only the clinical features of oral forms of lichen planus, but also to evaluate the topographic location of morphological elements, their symmetry, and size. These data together allow for a differentiated approach in making an accurate diagnosis. The diagnostic process of oral forms of lichen planus and lichenoid lesions also includes the identification of general somatic diseases, the assessment of local risk factors, and the identification of the relative frequency and intensity of their clinical forms. The main diagnostic feature that allows you to distinguish lichenoid lesions from lichen planus is the fact that the elimination of the factor that provoked the symptoms leads to the disappearance of the damage.