An indirect electromagnetic geothermometer is used for deep temperature estimations in the Soultz‐sous‐Forêts geothermal area (France) using magnetotelluric sounding data. Validation of temperature assessment carried out by comparison of the forecast temperature profile with temperature log from the deepest borehole has resulted in the relative extrapolation accuracy of less than 2%. It is found that the resistivity’s uncertainty caused by magnetotelluric inversion errors and by possible effects of external factors very weakly affects the resulting temperature, with the latter being influenced mainly by the ratio between the borehole length and the extrapolation depth. The temperature cross‐section constructed up to the depth 5000 m manifests local temperature maxima at large depths beneath the wells GPK2 and RT1/RT3. The analysis of the temperature profile in GPK2 location beneath 5000 m indicates that its behaviour continues to be of the conductive type (as in the depth range of 3700 m–5000 m) up to the depth 6000 m, while manifesting convective type below this depth. Finally, application of the indirect electromagnetic geothermometer for the deep temperature forecasting in the Rittershoffen site enabled us to constrain the location for future drilling.
This paper provides a review of geological, geophysical, and geochemical studies for three geo thermal zones of Hengill Volcano, Iceland: Nesjavellir, Hellisheidi, and Hveragerdi. We discuss the relation ships between global tectonics and high temperature geothermal systems in Iceland. The bulk of this review is devoted to studies of the physical, geochemical, and mineralogic parameters for the three areas. A separate discussion concerns surface phenomena, as well as the origin of thermal water. This review covers studies of the main aquifer complexes: Miocene/Lower Pliocene plateau basalts, Upper Pliocene/Pleistocene lavas and volcanoclastics involving tillite horizons, an aquifer complex of Holocene lava sheets as thick as 1 km, and an aquifer complex of Upper Pleistocene/Holocene alluvial eolian deposits and formations of bottom moraines. We consider a conceptual model of geothermal reservoirs characteristic for the Hengill geothermal fields.
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