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Long-term (2002 – 2017) monitoring data were analyzed to highlight the interannual variations of macrozoobenthosin a small oligotrophic lake (area 0.5 km2, maximal depth 32 m, mean depth 12 m) located in northwesternRussia. Samples were taken at three sites situated in littoral (depth 0.5 m), sublittoral (8 m) and profundal(30 m) mainly during an ice-free period (as a rule five times a season). An attempt was made to relate the annualmacrobenthic biomass with pelagic productivity (chlorophyll-a, Secchi depth) and changes in climatic variables(North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation indexes, air temperature and atmospheric precipitations). Theresults suggest that the interannual dynamic of biological communities in the lake is appreciably controlled bywinter meteorological conditions. The concentration of chlorophyll-a correlated positively with wintertime airtemperature and climatic indexes with a two-year lag. Benthic communities inhabiting different depths differed intheir response to climatic variations. Climate-induced changes in primary production seem to be the main factorinfluencing the biomass of macrozoobenthos in the littoral zone. Intra- and interspecific biotic interactions may bemore important in regulating sublittoral and profundal communities. Also, at the deepest site, late-winter oxygendepletion affected the biomass of macrozoobenthos. The potential mechanisms of the impact of climate variationson lake productivity in northern regions are discussed.

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The relevance of the problem range addressed in the study is conditioned by the system of education functioning under multiculturalism in modern polyethnic societies and their social stability much depending on the balanced use of languages of ethnoses that reside in the region as well as on the respectful attitude to their representatives in daily life. Thus, the system of education has to take into account the ethnic and religious, political, social and cultural requirements of the society offering highquality education to the consumers according to their expectations. The objective of the paper consists in revealing the topical problems of regional educational reforms aimed at implementing the principle of bilingualism in polyethnic and polyreligious region of Russia -the Republic of Tatarstan. The representative mass survey of population of the Republic of Tatarstan and a series of in-depth narrative interviews with representatives of various generations of Tatarstan citizens as the main methods used in the research. Based on the sociological survey conducted within the research project "Dynamics of real and conventional generations in information polyethnic and polyreligious society (a case study of the Republic of Tatarstan)", the following findings have been made. Scientific justification of the language policy being implemented in the republic and of the methodological support of bilingual educational programs are of poor level. A higher education system segregated according to the information carrier language prevails. There also remains a crossover controversy expressed in discontent in both Russianspeaking and to a significant extent Tatar-speaking urban population with the school educational policy of bilingualism. Results of the research cited in the paper can be used by the state authorities of the republic for elaborating the optimum bilingual language policy as well as in the practice of educational institutions implementing the bilingual education.

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