Methodological provisions for conducting empirical research of the availability and implementation of the consumers' socially responsible intentionsSocial responsibility of consumers is one of the main conditions for the recoupment of enterprises' expenses associated with the implementation of social and ethical marketing tasks. Therefore, the enterprises, which plan to act on terms of social and ethical marketing, should monitor the social responsibility of consumers in the relevant markets. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the analysis of factors that prevent consumers from implementing their socially responsible intentions in the regions with a low level of social activity of consumers. The purpose of the article is to develop methodological guidelines that determine the tasks and directions of conducting empirical studies aimed at assessing the gap between the socially responsible intentions of consumers and the actual implementation of these intentions, as well as to identify the causes of this gap. An empirical survey of the sampled consumers in Kharkiv was carried out in terms of the proposed methodological provisions. It revealed a rather high level of respondents' willingness to support socially responsible enterprises and a rather low level of implementation of these intentions due to the lack of consumers' awareness. To test the proposed methodological guidelines, an empirical study of the consumers' social responsibility was conducted in 2017 on a sample of students and professors of the Semen Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics (120 people). Questioning of the respondents was carried out using the Google Forms. The finding allowed to make conclusion for existence of a high level of respondents' willingness to support socially responsible and socially active enterprises. However, the study also revealed the existence of a significant gap between the intentions and actions of consumers, caused by the lack of awareness. The authors allocated the prospects of socially responsible business development in the region, provided the active measures were taken by business and authorities to inform the consumers about the social responsibility and social activity of producers.

У статті робиться спроба пошуку історичних передумов сучасної соціології війни, визначаються особливості поглядів дослідників другої половини X X ст. на сутність та роль війни як явище, допустиме у відносинах між народами і державами. Надається огляд низки концепцій щодо пошуку причинності війн наприкінці ХХст. Ключові слова: соціологія війни, війна, збройна боротьба, збройний конфлікт, суспільство. П ост ановка проблем и. Вступ людства в епоху глобалізації, що характе ризується злиттям національних економік в єдину, загальносвітову систему, засновану на новій легкості переміщення капіталу, на новій інформаційній відвертості світу, на технологічній революції, на прихильності розвинених індустріальних країн лібералізації руху товарів і капіталу, на основі комуні каційного зближення, планетарної наукової революції, міжнаціональних со ціальних рухів, нових видів транспорту, реалізації телекомунікаційних тех нологій, інтернаціональної освіти, не зняв з порядку денного проблему війни. Світове суспільство зіштовхнулося із тенденцію збільшення війн та збройних конфліктів у світі за останні десятиліття (війни в Югославії, Кувейті, Іраку, Сирії), збільшення загальної кількості загиблих внаслідок бойових дій. Українське суспільство теж опинилося втягнутим у збройний конфлікт на Донбасі. За даними ООН із квітня 2014 р. до грудня 2018 р. на Донбасі було вбито від 12 800 до 13 000 осіб. Серед них 4000-українські військовослуж бовці, 5500-озброєні бойовики, яких підтримує Росія, 3300-мирні мешкан ці Донбасу. Поранень зазнали від 27 до 30 тисяч осіб [1].

The lexical approach identifies lexis as the basis of language and № 1(15) 2023

Debating as a form of problem discussion is widely used in the teaching of humanitarian disciplines. Debates are of particular importance in language learning. Debating develops students' skills and abilities necessary for fluency in the language such as delivering a message, asking for information, convincing in self-rightness, and also assessing any message, report, or article. At the same time, debates are an effective pedagogical technology that contributes to the formation of not only language competencies, but to the development of creative activity and leadership qualities, oratorical skills, and the ability to conduct a tolerant dialogue and establish emotional contact with the audience. Despite the fact that debates are increasingly used to teach foreign languages, the teachers' experience shows that weak group work skills, students' little experience of public speaking, the inability to apply argumentation techniques in practice, and insufficient knowledge of theoretical information about the rules of debating even in native language often make debates less effective. The article actualizes the need to develop skills and abilities to discuss problems and emphasizes the need to prepare students to participate in debates in both their native and foreign languages. Special attention is paid to the possibilities of modifying existing debate formats to the specifics of a particular educational situation. When writing the article, we analysed the theoretical and methodological literature on the problems of using debates for language learning, studied the practical experience of organizing and managing debates, and offered some educational situations in which it is appropriate to use the potential of debating as educational technology, showed that the formation and development of students' skills, necessary for participation in debates, is more successful in the case of using interactive tasks, joint problem solving and a creative approach to learning.

The cultural sphere as a generator of social development, economic and political potential of a state, its status and relations within international arena requires rapid and qualitative changes in the system of public administration. Three spheres of state sovereignty - political, economic and cultural - are called timeless and important. The identified problems and factors of their crisis state actualize a need to modernize the state management system in terms of functional, resource, legal and communicative support. A requirement to improve quality and efficiency of public management and administration, its publicity and effectiveness at all levels of the system is caused by the following conditions: low quality of services of the bureaucratic apparatus; society's distrust of the government due to ineffectiveness of its decisions, and in some cases - inaction, corruption and bureaucracy; initial stages of decentralization and partnership development between the state in person of government officials and society, business and local authorities. A structural and functional model of management entities that influence and determine the policy and state of a cultural sphere has been developed. The weight of each subject of management system in terms of their functions and tasks is significant, nevertheless current market environment highlights a need for their joint participation in solving industry problems. It is proved that to ensure a development of cultural sphere introduction of public-private partnership as a tool to support culture among existing mechanisms of country's modernization is relevant. Partnership involving public authorities (legislative, executive and judicial branches), local governments, civil society and business is aimed at long-term mutually beneficial cooperation, agreed by the parties taking into account the size and weight of power, influence of parties, resources, experience, competencies and subordination, risk sharing etc. in order to implement socially significant projects, ensuring economic benefits of all participants. An auxiliary mechanism for attracting additional resources, sharing functions, responsibilities and risks, exchange and sharing of experiences and knowledge are not yet decisive benefits of such partnership.