Laryngeal cancer (LC) is one of the most prevalent types of head and neck cancer. An increasing interest has been focused on the role of microRNA (miRNAs) in LC development. The study group consisted of 135 larynx cancer patients and 170 cancer-free individuals. Nine polymorphisms of pre-miRNA processing genes, DROSHA (rs6877842), DGCR8 (rs3757, rs417309, and rs1640299), RAN (rs14035), XPO5 (rs11077), DICER1 (rs13078 and rs3742330) and TARBP2 (rs784567), were performed by TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. It was found that the frequency of the GT and the TT polymorphic variants of XPO5 gene were higher in LC patients than in controls (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.000183, resp.). In turn, the frequency of the CT genotype of RAN gene was higher in controls than in LC patients (p < 0.0001). The TT and the AG of DICER1 gene (p = 0.034697 for rs13078 and p = 0.0004 for rs3742330) as well as the AG and the GG genotypes of TARBP2 gene (p = 0.008335 and p < 0.0001, resp.) were associated with higher risk of LC occurrence. Our data suggested that polymorphisms of miRNA processing genes might be useful as predictive factors for the LC development.

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<b>Introduction: </b> <i>Rhabdomyomas </i> (RM) are rare benign mesenchymal tumors. They are a much more uncommon entity than their malignant counterparts, rhabdomyosarcomas. <i>Rhabdomyomas</i> fall into two general categories: cardiac tumors and extracardiac tumors. Extracardiac myomas are among the rarest tumors in humans and can be classified as fetal and adult, depending on the degree of differentiation of individual tumors by light microscopy. Adult extracardiac myoma is most commonly characterized by the occurrence in the head and neck, and mainly in the laryngeal and pharyngeal area. <b>Case report: </b>This article presents a case of rhabdomyoma of the parapharyngeal space with a review of world literature.

This article presents a case of 42-year-old woman with the iatrogenic transtemporal meningoencephalic herniation. The patient was treated surgically because of chronic otitis media without an expected improvement. Despite new signs and symptoms that appeared after the surgery, no radiological assessment was performed and for another years a wrong treatment was conducted. The authors present diagnostic problems and surgical treatment of meningoencephalic herniation of the temporal bone. KEYWORDS:meningoencephalic herniation, temporal bone, cerebrospinal fluid leak STRESZCZENIE:Artykuł stanowi opis przypadku 42-letniej kobiety z jatrogenną przepukliną oponowo-mózgową kości skroniowej. Pacjentka była leczony operacyjnie z powodu przewlekłego zapalenia ucha środkowego bez uzyskania spodziewanej poprawy. Pomimo pojawienia się nowych objawów pooperacyjnych, nie przeprowadzono oceny radiologicznej i przez kolejne lata stosowane były niewłaściwe leczenie. Autorzy omawiają problemy diagnostyczne i chirurgiczne leczenie przepukliny oponowo-mózgowej kości skroniowej.SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: przepuklina oponowo-mózgowa, kość skroniowa, płynotok uszny