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The authors present the peculiarities of evaluating the parameters (module, direction and coordinates of the application point) of the displacement vector of the object’s deformation mark, its stabilitydegree is to be evaluated, and on this basis technologies simplifying the processes of performing field work necessary to obtain relevant information are discussed. Various options to implementpolar spatial intersection during observations from fixed stations are considered. In particular, if there aren’t any connecting marks between the instrument’s standing points, it is proposed to use a remote target or measure directional angles (magnetic azimuths) of reference directions. Methods for obtaining the coordinates and displacement vectors of deformation marks in the same coordinate system are considered, depending on the implementation of the polar spatial intersection. An example of implementing the proposed observation methodology on the example of the Hydrocorpus-1 building located at 29 Polytechnicheskaya st., St. Petersburg, Russia is presented. The results obtained indicate the correctness of the proposed methodology.

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The authors present the assessment of determining the deformation marks’ coordinates accuracy at constructing a network in the form of a linear spatial intersection. Using the distance between the control points and deformation marks; their coordinates are defined. The root- and general mean-square errors in determining the coordinates arising from the faults in measuring the lengths and depending on the shape of the spatial intersection are calculated. Computational mistakes enable assessing the possibility of obtaining the desired results at designing a network of deformation marks with an accuracy that meets the requirements of regulatory documents, and taking the expected accuracy of linear measurements into account. Selecting the marks is shown by the example of an elementary model. Two computer programs for that purpose were developed. The convergence of the results obtained in the course of the programs and theoretical modeling indicates the correct operation of the software. The developed algorithm and pro-grams enable optimizing the location of deformation marks at designing a network.

Introduction. Periodic geodetic observations are used to control the position of building structures and soil massifs. Since tilt is considered to be one of the most dangerous types of building deformations, this paper considers existing methods for its determination. When a horizontal displacement (tilt) is detected, it is of particular importance to assess not so much its angle but its direction. This allows preventive measures to be timely enforced. Therefore, determination of the direction of horizontal displacements at small tilt angles presents a relevant research problem. In order to increase the sensitivity of the considered measuring device, it is proposed to use the action of electric field.Aim. Calculation of electrical voltages that ensure reliable operation of the device under consideration, depending on its geometric dimensions and characteristics of the materials used.Materials and methods. The device was made of conductive, semiconductive and dielectric materials. Calculations were based on an analysis of forces acting on a vertically suspended load in the presence of electric field. The conditions of equilibrium and instability of the position of the load arising due to strong positive feedback in electric field were considered.Results. Calculations were performed to support a reasonable choice of geometric and electrophysical characteristics of the developed device. A formula was obtained for the values of electrical voltages that could ensure troublefree operation of the device. The calculated values of operating voltages were found to be acceptable for practical application. The main structural elements of the device and one of the possible methods for registering information signals were proposed.Conclusion. Due to the instable position of the load in a sufficiently strong electric field, the developed device allows the direction of displacements to be measured even when their values tend to zero. This makes the developed device promising for practical application. However, it should be noted that, under such small displacements, the accuracy of the device depends on the manufacturing conditions and random factors.