Background. In today’s world, there is an increased demand for natural essential oils as one of the sources of improvement of human life. This is due to the wide range of biologically active effects of essential oils, which determines their wide use in medicine, food industry, aromatherapy, cosmetology, technical cleaning products, etc. Expanding the range of cultivated essential plants contributes to the preservation of natural floral resources and enriches the range of natural essential oils. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative composition of the essential oil of Hyssopus seravschanicus (Dubj.) Pazij. (Lamiaceae) as a new plant species introduced in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine. Methods. To obtain the essential oil of H. seravschanicus, the method of hydrodistilla­tion using a Clevenger apparatus was applied. Air-dry raw material of plants – the above-ground herbaceous part collected in the phase of mass flowering of plants was studied. The determination of compounds and their relative participation in the composition of the essential oil was determined by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. The seed population of H. seravschanicus introduced in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine is characterized by a high biosynthesis of essential oil with a yield rate of 0.72±0.04 %. 27 essential oil compounds have been identified, which by their chemical nature belong to terpenes, terpenoids and sesquiterpenes. The dominant compound is Isopinocamphone (61.58 %). An equally important role in the aromatic composition of the oil is played by β-Pinene (14.66 %), Terpinen-4-ol (8.53 %), Sabinen (2.24 %), 1.8-Cineol (1.77 %) and Myrcene (1.77 %), Spathulenol (1.5 %). Conclusions. Thus, the high essential oil productivity of the introduced species H. seravschanicus was experimentally established in new growth conditions – the Right-Bank part of the Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine. This allows us to consider this type of plant as a source of natural essential oils of the isopinocamphonic chemotype – H. seravschanicus st. Isopinocamphone.

Background. Not all plants are capable of producing essential oil (EO). There are 3.000 different plant EOs described in the world, but only 10 % of them are widely used by humans. In particular, perfumery and the food industry use the largest amount of natural EOs – 30 % and 40 % of the world production, respectively. A thorough study of EOs, knowledge of their components in both chemical and pharmacological sense will facilitate the improvement of the quality of human life. The purpose of our experimental study was to determine the EO potential of four species of the genus Pycnanthemum Michx. (Lamiaceae): P. montanum Michx., P. muticum (Michx.) Pers., P. tenuifolium Schrad., P. verticillatum var. pilosum (Nutt.) Cooperr. introduced in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The above plants are representatives of the flora of North America. Methods. The EOs were obtained in laboratory conditions by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The raw material of the plants – a blended mass of leaves, inflorescences and the herbaceous part of the stem was used in an air-dry state. Harvesting of raw materials was carried out during the flowering phase of plants. The EOs content is given in terms of an absolute dry weight. The identification of compounds and their amount in each EO was determined by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. In the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine, the introduced species of plants of the genus Pycnanthemum show a high level of EOs biosynthesis – 0.53–3.34 %. The dominant compounds common to the obtained essential oils are Pulegone, Isomenthone, and Isopinocamphone. The indicators of the content of pulegone exceed those of other compounds and reach 48.14–73.93 %. Pulegone is a controversial organic compound, since it exhibits a high biological activity and possesses pharmacological properties suitable for use in medical practice, but when cleaved, it forms toxic metabolites, in particular mentofuran. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that plants of the genus Pycnanthemum, which are little known in Ukraine, have a high EO potential under the proposed growth conditions. Due to this, they are potential objects for use in domestic cultural phytocenoses. Considering the component composition of EOs with the dominant Pulegone, their consumption requires correct dosage.

Aim. The research is aimed at determining the qualitative and quantitative content of essential oils in the aerial part of two species of the genus Pycnanthemum Michx. (Lamiaceae) – P. virginianum (L.) T. Durand & B.D. Jacks. ex B.L. Rob & Fernald and P. californicum Norr. exDurand. The plants were introduced in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Forest-Steppe zone). These are representatives of the flora of North America, and they are little known in Ukraine. Plants have useful medicinal and nutritional properties, but the biochemical composition of their essential oils has not been sufficiently studied in the world.Materials and methods. In the experiment, the aerial herbal part of plants collected during the flowering phase was used. The quantitative content of the essential oil was determined by the hydrodistillation method, and its qualitative characteristics were found by the GC-MS analysis. The chromatographic profile was obtained on an Agilent Technologies 7890. The component composition of the essential oil was determined on a gas chromatograph with a HP 6890 mass spectrometric detector with a mass spectrometric detector 5973. We used a mass spectrometric detector 1.6 – 800 a.o.m., EI ionization, SIM & Scan mode, “Hewlett Packard”, USA. Identification of essential oil components was performed using the NIST mass spectrum library in combination with AMDIS content-time identification programs.Results and discussion. P. virginianum was found to produce 1.96 ± 0.17 % of essential oil, in which 12 compounds out of 13 were identified; P. californicum had 2.66 ± 0.13 % of essential oil, 13 compounds out of 15 were identified. The essential oil samples obtained have pulegone as the dominant component: P. virginianum – 44.65 %, P. californicum – 86.07 %. In addition to it, they also contain thymol, myrcene, 1.8-cineole, menthone, limonene and other compounds.Conclusions. For the first time, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oils of plants of P. virginianum and P. californicum species introduced in Ukraine has been determined. The results obtained indicate that when introduced plants have a high biosynthesizing ability to produce essential oil. Pulegone has been found to be the dominant component; therefore, the essential oil can be classified as a pulegone-type essential oil. We believe that the raw material of P. virginianum and P. californicum are potentially suitable for use in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, personal care products, dentistry, and in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

У статті представлено дослідження метилових ефірів цис- та транс-ізомерів жирних кислот найпоширенішим методом контролю якості в олійножировій галузі – методом газорідинної хроматографії з використанням аналітичних колонок провідних виробників (Agilent Technologies, Supelco, Phenomenex). Встановлена результативність хроматографічного методу аналізу жирних кислот з використанням колонок HP-88, SP-2380, Zebron-FAME за умови відсутності даних щодо складу нерухомої фази, яка залежить від геометричних параметрів колонок та якості пробопідготовки. Оптимальні умови розділення метилових ефірів жирних кислот, в тому числі й їх ізомерів, підтверджено за допомогою калібрування колонки стандартною сумішшю метилових ефірів жирних кислот. Представлено дані досліджень роздільної здатності аналітичних колонок з використанням зразка суміші метилових ефірів жирних кислот 37 Component FAME Mix т.м. Supelco США (кат. № 47885-U) та дослідним шляхом встановлено кращу роздільну здатність критичної пари С18:3-С20:1 піків, яких з часом експлуатації колонки зливаються. Встановлено шляхом підбору потоку газу носія та градієнту температури термостату колонок Zebron-FAME мінімальний час аналізу метилових ефірів жирних кислот до 36,2 хв., що значно скорочує тривалість дослідження методом газорідинної хроматографії, який є референсним. Виявлено, що з часом використання метилату натрія на хроматограмі метилових ефірів жирних кислот з'являються піки ацилгліцеринів, які суттєво впливають га роздільну здатність хроматографічних колонок і негативно впливають на кінцевий результат. Експериментально визначено, що термін придатності метилату натрія, який забезпечує високу якість хроматографічного аналізу, складає один місяць.